Ingredient Dictionary Painted Earth's Ingredient Dictionary

Painted Earth sources the highest quality ingredients for the integrity of our formulations. We are in relationship with our vendors and their particular growing methods, practices, and systems. We support sustainable practices whenever possible. If there is an ingredient that you would like to know more about than what we have provided on these pages, using the search engine Google can provide endless information for you on specific ingredients that you are researching.This information is not meant to treat or diagnose any disease or ailment. Contact your doctor before trying any of these herbs on your own.

Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer�Salts or esters of acrylic acid used as thickening ingredients.

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)- Nutritive tonic, restorative tonic, diuretic, anti anemic, anti hemorrhagic, anti rheumatic. In the Middle East, Alfalfa is known as the, father of all herbs. The leaves of this herb contain significant amounts of beta-carotene, leading to its widespread therapeutic use concerning a variety of skin disorders. It is an ideal herb for treating inflammatory conditions, especially those associated with aging. Various arthritic and rheumatic conditions benefit from the use of Alfalfa, including lower back ache. Alfalfa is also a natural deodorizer, as well as an infection fighter due to its high content of vitamin A.

Allantoin- Allantoin is a healing, moisturizing, soothing and anti-irritating, keratolytic and non-toxic agent useful in dermatological, cosmetic and veterinary preparation. Allantoin is a valuable cell-proliferating healing agent which stimulates healthy tissue formation. Allantoin has a pronounced keratolytic and skin softening action, acts as chemical debrider of necrotic and scaling tissue, clearing up the areas where applied. Allantoin is effective at quite low concentrations, 0.1percent up to 2 percent. As natural component, Allantoin is found in wheat germ, rice polishings, confrey roots, in the earth-worm and as organic component of many soils.

Almond Butter- Prunus Amygdalus- Derived from sweet almonds specifically from the Mediterranean area. Cold processed. Moisturizing, full of minerals, vitamins, and essential fatty acids. Almond meal-Prunus Amygdalus- Exfoliant; used as an abrasive for exfoliation. These are usually pulverized and blanched almonds. Organic Aloe Vera-Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice- Botanical, moisturizer, skin protectant, humectant. A member of the South African aloe plant leaf, usually a juice, containing water, amino acids and carbohydrates, used as a moisturizer, stabilizer, and light tonic for the skin.

Alpha Hydroxy-Glycolic Acid- AHA � Anti-aging, antioxidant; fruit based. Is sometimes combined with phospholipids and Acidophilus. Skin cell renewal and cell shedding. Glycolic Acid is found in simple sugars. Glycolic Acid works by dissolving the intercellular cement responsible for abnormal keratinization (discoloration of the skin), improving skin hydration by enhanced moisture uptake, binding water to the stratum corneum.

Alpha Lipoic Acid- antioxidant; Anti-aging applications have been noted due to its antioxidant nature. A popular new ingredient for skin cr�mes. Helps to smooth fine lines in mature skin. Accelerates the sloughing off of dead skin, diminishing the signs of actinic keratosis (discoloration of the skin). Skin cell renewal and cell shedding.

American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolium)- Adaptogen, alterative, aphrodisiac, cell proliferant, demulcent, rejuvenative. Ginseng�s botanical name, Panax, is derived from the Greek word �panacea�, which means all healing. Ginseng is well known as a super cosmetic, and is especially popular in places like Hollywood. It is an absolutely wonderful skin conditioner, cleanser, and restorative. It also acts on free radicals in the body, thus slowing down the effects of aging. American Ginseng was valued by the Native Americans long before the Europeans discovered it. In the 1700�s the Jesuits began exporting it to China, where it gained the universal acclaim it still has today.

Ammonium Laurel Sulfate- A naturally derived surfactant from coconut. It is primarily used as a cleansing agent and is considered gentle and effective.

Amodimethicone- This is being used more often by chemists as conditioning agents in hair product formulations. It is popular because of its ease of use in processing and manufacturing products as well as for their many benefits to the hair. Amodimethicone is an abbreviation of �amine-functionalized silicone,� which is a family of silicones modified to have specific properties. The simplest, and perhaps most well-known silicone, polydimethylsiloxane (dimethicone, by INCI naming standards), consists of methyl groups ,-CH3, as the pendant group along the backbone of the polymer chain.

Amine-functionalized silicones have been chemically modified so that some of the pendant groups along the backbone have been replaced with various alkylamine groups ,-R-NH2. These amine groups become positively charged in aqueous solutions because of their electron-donating ,basic, tendencies, yielding an inorganic, cationic polymer. These inorganic cationic polymers deposit onto the hair because of the electrostatic attraction between the polymer and the negatively-charged protein surface of the cuticle. In this manner, they behave much like polyquaternium materials (organic cationic polymers), which are excellent conditioning agents as well. The charge density of the polymer can be varied by changing the placement and quantity of the amine groups. A polymer with greater charge density will be more substantive to the hair than one with lesser charge density. One interesting property of these polymers is that they provide selective conditioning to the areas most in need of it. The mechanism by which they accomplish this is, again, electrostatic attraction. Highly damaged areas of the hair cuticle possess higher negative charge density, which enhances the affinity of the cationic polymer to that specific area. These polymers can provide a targeted beneficial effect. Once the amine-functional silicone is deposited onto the surface of the hair, it spreads out and forms a cross linked film when it dries. This cross linked film can last through several washings, which is considered to be advantageous in most applications. A unique property of these polymers is that once in place on the surface of the hair, they repel further deposition of amine-functional polymers on top of the existing layer, preventing buildup. This cross-linked film seals moisture inside the hair shaft, holding the cuticle flat and providing excellent wet and dry comb-ability. An additional benefit of these silicones over other cationic polymers (such as polyquats) is their high refractive index, which gives the hair a high degree of gloss and shine. Silicones, including amodimethicone, also protect from thermal damage resulting from styling tools, such as hot rollers, curling irons, and blow dryers. This phenomenon is due to their very low thermal conductivity � much lower than water, glycerin, or mineral oil. This reduces heat transfer through the hair surface to the cortex of the hair. Very high temperatures found when styling or processing hair (sometimes as high as 100C to 160C) are capable of vaporizing water contained within the cortex. It is extremely important to maintain proper hydration of the hair because water has a very high specific heat which helps protect the hair from getting too hot. Hair that reaches too high temperatures can suffer permanent damage to the delicate keratin fibrils in the cortex. A protective layer of amodimethicone on the surface can help prevent or reduce damage done in this Amodimethicone and other similarly modified silicone polymers are considered to be among the best high-performance conditioning polymers currently available to the hair-care product formulator. They provide many unique benefits, including the following:
o Deep conditioning
o Targeted conditioning to areas of particularly damaged hair
o Protect from thermal damage
o Increase color retention
o Resist build up o Impart gloss and shine
o These modified silicones seem to be of particular benefit for those of us with damaged hair, permanently colored hair or those concerned about the buildup of conditioning agents.

Angelica (A. atropurpurea)- Aromatic, carminative, emmenagogue, expectorant. During the time of the great plague, a monk said he was told by an angel in his dreams that Angelica would cure the plague. Today, Angelica is best known for its stimulating effects on the digestive system. Angelica is also used to clean wounds, as it aids in the healing process.

Anise (Pimpinella anisum)- Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Aromatic, Pectoral, Stimulant. Anise was used by the Romans primarily as a flavoring for cakes and other food items. Hypocrites used the herb for coughs, and later in history a Roman scholar recommended chewing Anise in the morning to remove unpleasant odors from the mouth. It is still recommended for this use today.

Apricot Kernel oil-Prunus Armeniaca- Emollient/moisturizer. A natural nut vegetable oil pressed from the kernel of the apricot, for penetrating and softening. Non-greasy feel. High content of Vitamin E. Some claim it can aid the skin in retaining elasticity and suppleness. Is a triglyceride containing oleic and linoleic acid. Another natural replacement for mineral oil. Used by the Hunza people for millennia, contributing to their being the healthiest and longest living people in the world. Mimics the skins natural sebum and is readily absorbed into skin. A great carrier oil as well.

Arnica (Arnica Montana)- Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial, Analgesic, Antiecchymotic. Traditionally used for the external treatment of sprains, bruises, swelling, muscle pain, varicose veins and hemorrhoids, inflammations, and rheumatic complaints. Arnica can also be used to treat athlete�s foot, as well as stimulate hair growth. It is said the Goethe, the German writer, poet, and scientist would ask for arnica tea in his old age due to anginal pain he experienced as a result of coronary arteriosclerosis. Arnica grows wild in alpine meadows, and can be easily identified by its brightly colored yellow-orange flowers.

Arrowroot-Maranta Arudinacea- Botanical Absorbent. Named by the Indians as it was used for healing wounds caused by arrows. Its chemical makeup is one of a starch. Ascorbic acid- Antioxidant; Vitamin C preservative. A chemical component of Vitamin C and free radical fighter. Can be used to lessen skin pigmentation. Is found in fruits and vegetables. Essential for the production of collagen in the skin.

Artemisia Annua (Artemisia Annua)- Although native to China, Artemisia Annua has been naturalized throughout the world. In ancient times it was used by Chinese herbalists to treat fevers. It is also used in tropical regions as an anti-parasitic, particularly to prevent parasite resistance in the case of malaria. It has also been shown to have some anti-cancer properties.

Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus)- Hepatic, biliary fluidifying, cholagogic, diuretic, anti-rheumatic. The artichoke originates from the Mediterranean area, where it grows wild on the island of Crete. It has long been traditionally used as a liver detoxifier, as well as an aid for those with digestive weaknesses and constipation. It is also effective in treating dandruff when used topically, as well as rashes of the skin.

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)�- Anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, stress-reducer, invigorating. A traditional Ayurvedic herb, Ashwagandha has been used for centuries in India to treat various cerebral disorders, including memory loss. Although it has many calming properties, it is also used to promote sexual vitality. This herb is also very good for the skin due to its very high antioxidant content, and has been found to make an effective facial toner.

Astragalus (A. membranaceus)- Adaptive, antibacterial, anhydrotic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, diuretic, immunostimulant, tonic. Astragalus is rich is polysaccharides, and has been used in traditional Chinese medicine as an adaptogen for thousands of years. It promotes the healing of damaged tissues, and medical studies have shown it to have anti-carcinogenic effects. This herb also increases the strength of T-cells, and studies have shown that cancer patients who opted to use this herb while undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiation lived twice as long as those who didn�t supplement with Astragalus. It also improves urine flow, blood circulation, and decreases toxicity of the liver.

Avocado Oil-Persea Gratissima- This ultra rich organic oil is a delightful treasure containing high amounts of Vitamin A, B1, B2, D, and E. Also contains amino acids, sterols, pantothenic acid, lecithin, and other essential fatty acids. Highly prized to those with skin problems such as eczema, psoriasis, and other skin ailments and our variety makes a lovely salad oil for dressings and condiments. Highly recommended to those with sensitive skin, problem skin and other irritations that require vitamin rich oil. Anti-irritant; emollient; moisturizer. Has cleansing applications as well as a moisturizing carrier oil.

Baking soda-Bicarbonate of Soda- an absorbent/topical that relieves itching, and burns. Sometimes used for insect bites.

Bamboo Fibers- High silica content bamboo fibers come from renewable plants and do not tax the earths eco system with over harvesting. Add them to scrubs, exfoliating washes, and masques.

Bayberry (Myrica cerifera)- Antibacterial, antiseptic, astringent, deobstruent, emetic, febrifuge, insecticide, stimulant, tonic. Bayberry has been found to be especially useful in the treatment of various female problems, especially excessive menstruation. It is a strong skin cleanser and healer, and is good for treating ulcerated sores. In India, a combination of Bayberry and Ginger is used to combat the effects of cholera. It also aids in digestion, nutrition, blood building, blood circulation, and the healing of cuts, ulcers, bruises and insect bites.

Beeswax- Emollient. A wax produced by bees, used as a wax base or for smoothing the skin. Bentonite- Porous clay from volcanic ash. Is used in facial masks as an absorbent, also as an emulsifier, thickener, and stabilizer.

Bentonite is considered noncomedogenic. It is a colloidal aluminum silicate clay.

Black Cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa)- Antirheumatic, antispasmodic, estrogenic, uterine tonic. Black Cohosh is native to North America where it was used to treat snake bites, including that of the rattlesnake. It�s name, �Cimicifuga� means �to chase insects away�, and it has been used accordingly. Black Cohosh has also been proven useful for those who suffer allergies to bee stings. The early American colonists used it to treat yellow fever, malaria, nervous disorders, bronchitis and dropsy. It is a useful tonic for the central nervous system, and is effective in relieving all different sorts of inflammatory conditions, making it ideal for skin disorders. Recently it has become a popular treatment in Germany for menopausal symptoms, but it is important to note that the plant has been employed to treat feminine �issues� for decades. Traditionally, Black Cohosh has been used to treat arthritis and rheumatism, as well as tinnitus, sciatica, whooping cough, and conditions that require reduction in LH levels, such as cyst formation.

Black Haw (Viburnum prunifolium)- Antispasmodic, uterine tonic, nervine, anti-dysentery. Black Haw is similar to Black Cohosh in that it too is effective in relieving menstrual cramps, menopausal symptoms, and nervousness. The Native Americans also used it as a way of preventing miscarriages. Black Haw contains salicin, which is the compound in aspirin responsible for relieving pain and inflammation. It is also rich in steroidal saponins, which serve as the raw material for the production of hormones by the liver.

Black Walnut (Juglans nigra)- Anthelmintic, antifungal, antiparasitic, antiseptic, astringent, bitter, insecticide, vermifuge. Black Walnut is probably best known for its antiparasitic effects, and has traditionally been used to expel worms from the intestines. The American Indians used it as a natural laxative, and for many centuries the Europeans used it as a laxative and as a treatment for skin ailments, especially herpes and eczema. Black Walnut is thought to be a good remedy for �bad blood� diseases such as syphilis and Diphtheria. It is also useful in the treatment of acne, dandruff, mouth sores of various kinds, hemorrhoids, cold sores, and for cleaning the teeth.

Bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosis)- Bladderwrack is a seaweed found on the coasts of the North Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, and the western Baltic Sea. It was discovered in 1811 and is the original source of iodine. Thus, it was used to treat the swelling of the thyroid gland, which is related to iodine deficiency. Because it is a thyroid stimulant, Bladderwrack is very useful in helping obese people lose weight, as many of these people suffer from very slow metabolisms. Due to its high mineral content, Bladderwrack is also good for cleansing and refreshing the skin, as well as treatment for psoriasis, cellulite, sprains and bruises.

Blessed Thistle (Cnicus benedictus)- Alterative, anthelmintic, anti-pyretic, aperitive, carminative, cholagogue, diaphoretic-stimulating, diuretic, emetic (in large doses), emmenagogue, galactagogue, tonic. The Quinault Indians of North America used to use the whole plant as a means of birth control. In Europe, monks used Blessed Thistle to cure small pox, and in 17th century England, herbalist Culpepper used Blessed Thistle for fever, feminine complaints and headaches. It strengthens the heart and lungs, stimulates milk production in nursing mothers, is a good digestive tonic, balances female hormones, and has even been used to treat internal cancers.

Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides)- Anthelmintic, antispasmodic, bitter, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, nervine, oxytocic, sedative, stimulant. The Native American Indians used Blue Cohosh for menstrual problems and delayed delivery. It also inhibits false labor pains in childbirth, and is effective in regulating a woman�s menstrual cycle. Blue Cohosh relieves muscle cramping and spasms, and is a good remedy for emergency allergic reactions to bee stings.

Blue Flag (Iris versicolor)- Alterative, anti-inflammatory, cathartic, diuretic, stimulant. Blue Flag is excellent at treating a variety of skin conditions such as acne, herpes simplex, and psoriasis. It is a powerful liver cleanser, and generally effective at removing stagnation from within the body. It is used in the treatment of hepatitis, chronic rheumatism, jaundice, and to relieve flatulence, heartburn, nausea and belching. Also, recent studies have shown that Blue Flag reduces cravings for food, making it an ideal candidate for helping those with obesity.

Blue Vervain (Verbena hastata)- Diuretic, analgesic, expectorant, anti-rheumatic. The term �vervain� comes from the Celtic word �ferfaen�, meaning to drive away a stone. This refers to the herbs historical use in treating kidney stones. The Native Americans used it for colds, coughs, stomach cramps and fevers. It is also effective in treating bladder infections, hemorrhoids, chronic bronchitis, and joint pain, and was used in old pagan love potions.

Bloodroot (Sanguinaria Canadensis)- Expectorant, stimulant, alterative, antibiotic, diuretic, febrifuge, sedative, emetic (in large doses). The Native Americans used Bloodroot as a dye they knew as musquaspenne, and introduced it to early colonists in Virginia. Nineteenth-century physicians used Bloodroot as a remedy for pneumonia, headaches, cancer, hepatitis and coughs. Today, Bloodroot is an ingredient in various tooth care products due to its content of an alkaloid known as sanguinarine. Sanguinarine chemically binds to dental plaque, keeping it from sticking to teeth. Using Bloodroot is also an effective way to prevent gum disease, as well as a treatment for various skin afflictions such as athlete�s foot and burns.

Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum)- Analgesic, antipyretic, aperitive, bitter, diaphoretic, emetic, febrifuge, stimulant. Traditionally, Boneset has been used as a remedy for coughs, fevers and colds. Civil War troops received infusions of Boneset to keep them healthy, or to assist them in recovery from fevers. It is a tonic for the liver, stomach, bowels and uterus, and has mild anti-inflammatory effects. It is also useful in treating indigestion of the elderly. Recent research in Germany suggests that Boneset stimulates white blood cells to consume more foreign agents, which explains its effectiveness in treating infections.

Borage Oil-Borago Officinalis- types as an acting emollient and is best known for its ability to soften, soothe, and re-condition the skin. It is truly marvelous as a carrier oil and is equally superb for addition to body care products. Natural expeller pressed oil from raw almond kernels and exceptionally rich in fatty acids. Emollient; moisturizer; ointment base; botanical. Considered useful for sensitive skin. This comes from a hardy annual. Mostly the leaves are used; sometimes the flowers.

Bugleweed (Lycopus virginicus)- Antithyroid, astringent, bitter, cardiac, diuretic, emmenagogue, hemostatic, sedative, tonic. Bugleweed is especially successful in treating hemorrhages of the lungs and bowels, as well as excessive menstrual bleeding. It improves blood circulation, and has been used successfully to strengthen the circulatory system, as well as to reduce fluid discharges from the body. In some cases it is also a useful pain reliever.

Burdock Root (Arctium lappa)- Alterative, antidote, anti-phlogistic, anti-tumor, aperient, bitter, bacteriocide, blood purifier, carminative, cholagogue, demulcent, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, hepatic, laxative, lithotriptic, stomachic, tonic. Burdock Root is known as a blood purifier, and historically herbalists have used it to rebuild the body due to its high source of various nutrients. The Menominee and Micmac Indians used it to treat skin sores, while the Cherokees used it for a broader variety of ailments. The Chinese used Burdock Root to treat colds, coughs, sore throats, measles, sores, abscesses, and tonsillitis. Burdock Root helps prevent water retention and jaundice in babies, and is a very strong liver purifier. This herb is especially valuable for the skin, arthritic pains, and glandular problems.

Butcher�s Broom (Ruscus aculeatus)- Anti-inflammatory, aperient, astringent, deobstruent, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, laxative, prevents blood clots, vasoconstrictive. Butcher�s Broom is best known for its anti-inflammatory properties, and is especially useful in the prevention of blood clots, as well as varicose veins, swelling of the legs and feet, urinary stones, fractures, and lowering cholesterol.

Butterbur (Petasites hybridus)- Anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic. The Greek physician Dioscurides used Butterbur leaves to treat skin ulcers. During the Middle Ages Butterbur was used extensively in an attempt to cure the plague by mixing its powder in wine. It was also traditionally used as a treatment for conditions such as pain, spasms and fever. It is used as an anti-spasmodic to relieve menstrual cramps, as well as an anti-parasitic. Today, Butterbur is primarily used for the prevention of migraines, as well as headaches and asthma.

Cactus Grandiflorus (Selenicereus grandiflorus)- Aromatic. Cactus Grandiflorus is primarily used for its fragrance in various cosmetics. The night blooming variety known as Cereus has a heavy, vanilla like smell, while other varieties have a more delicate aroma. It is also an excellent heart tonic, sympathetic nervous system regulator, sedative and nerve tonic.

Calcium Carbonate- Chalk; used as an absorbent in cosmetics.

Calendula (Calendula officinalis)- Alterative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, bitter, cholagogue, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, hemostatic, stimulant, styptic, vermifuge, vulnerary. Calendula was first used by the Romans to treat scorpion bites, and old herbal doctors recommended regularly applying Calendula as a way to prevent gangrene. It supports the connective tissues of the skin, and is good for healing all types of skin irritations and injuries such as burns, rashes, cuts and varicose veins. Due to its natural content on iodine, it is considered to be one of the best antiseptics available. Calendula Oil- Organic Calendula Officinalis- Not only one of the most effective topical oils, it also makes an excellent base for salves, facial creams and many other natural cosmetics. Gentle, cooling, and soothing. Calendula oil is the most successful oil for assisting us with dry and damaged skin, skin inflammations, rashes, diaper irritations, and other skin disorders. Makes a wonderful baby�s oil and is exceptional for those with sensitive skin.

California Poppy (Escholtzia californica)- Sedative, analgesic, hypnotic, antineuralgic. Known to early Spanish settlers as copa del ora, meaning, cup of gold, California Poppy is a rather effective pain reliever, as well as mood balancer. The Costanoan Indians would rub a decoction of the flowers into the hair to kill lice, and the Indians of Mendocino County used a poultice of the fresh root for toothaches, headaches and sores. It can also be used for insomnia, psoriasis, and painful migraines and headaches.

Camellia Oil-Camellia Sasanqua- Anti-aging; emollient; carrier; moisturizer. High content of oleic acid. Helps in role of anti-oxidation and is fairly non-greasy.

Camphor-Cinnamomum Camphora- Is used as an anesthetic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, cooling, and is thought to be slightly stimulating to blood circulation. Derived from a species of tree in the Orient that resembles the Evergreen tree.

Camu Camu Berry- This active ingredient is used in skin care as a powerful vitamin c source. Research vitamin c and skin care to understand the value of this ingredient. Camu camu (Myrciaria dubia) is a native bush to the South American rainforest that produces a fruit containing more vitamin C than any other known botanical source. For comparison: a fresh camu camu berry may contain up to 4percent vitamin C, whereas a lemon may contain at most 0.5percent vitamin C. Some sources estimate that camu camu berries have 30 times as much vitamin C as oranges. Camu camu is loaded with an incredible 380 mg of immune-supportive Vitamin C in every half teaspoon serving. Best of all, Painted Earth's Camu Camu has no additives and no fillers, and it is 100percent raw. Indigenous Amazonian peoples would pick the camu camu berries in season, dry them, and use them medicinally for the rest of the year. This purplish-red berry becomes light beige in color when dried and powdered. The camu camu berry is an excellent source of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, the amino acids serine, valine and leucine, as well as small amounts of the vitamins B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin) and B3 (niacin). Camu camu also contains high levels of anthocyanins (a powerful antioxidant), bioflavonoids, and other essential co-factors. All of these nutrients help the body make full use of the abundant levels of Vitamin C found in this superfruit. For proof of this we need only turn to Dr. James Duke, notable USDA scientist and author of The Green Pharmacy: �I take vitamin C for colds�I prefer to get mine from camu camu, the amazing Amazonian fruit that has the world�s highest vitamin C content.� Traditionally, camu camu has been used to:
support the immune system
maintain excellent eyesight
create beautiful skin
ward off viral infections
support strong collagen, tendons and ligaments
decrease inflammation
improve respiratory (lung) health
help maintain optimal clarity of mind in times of stress and anxiety Camu camu berries especially support the functions of the brain, eyes, heart, liver and skin.
In a comparative study of hundreds of botanicals, ranked in order of effectiveness for various health conditions, camu-camu was ranked among hundreds of herbs as follows:
Anti-mutagenic 4
Anti-viral 6
Anti-oxidant 4
Asthma 1
Atherosclerosis 1
Cataracts 1
Colds 1
Depression 2
Edema 1
Gingivitis/Periodontal disease 1
Glaucoma 1
Hepatitis 1
Infertility 1
Migraine headaches 1
Osteoarthritis 1
Painkiller 1
Parkinson�s disease 1
**This comparative study�s results are not FDA approved. We make no specific claim as to the camu camu berry�s medical properties. As a natural vitamin C source, this product may be used in conjunction with MSM powder to rejuvenate collagen and improve the health of the skin. �One of the most powerful botanical substances known. If you know the power of vitamin C, camu camu berry powder is the best source. It�s essential.� - David Wolfe, author of The Sunfood Diet Success System and Eating for Beauty �There is no doubt that ascorbic acid [Vitamin C] is required for the synthesis of collagen in the bodies of human beings and other animals. One of the important functions of collagen is its service in strengthening the intercellular cement that holds the cells of the body together in various tissues. It is not unlikely that part of the effectiveness of vitamin C against the common cold, influenza, and other viral diseases can be attributed to this strengthening effect, and in this way preventing or hindering the motion of the virus particles through the tissues and into the cells.� - Linus Pauling, Vitamin C, the Common Cold, and the Flu, 1971, p.43-45

Canola Oil- Carrier; emollient; moisturizer. Extracted from rapeseed oil. It is considered to be a natural replacement to Mineral Oil. Has good emolliency and lubrication. Carbomer- a group of thickening agents used primarily to create gel-like formulations

Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum)- Cardamom contains an antiseptic known as cineole which is known to kill bacteria in the mouth that causes bad breath. Aside from being a popular culinary herb, especially in Asian and Middle Eastern cuisines, it is also a popular aromatic used in perfumes and oils, as well as love potions. Cardamom also stimulates digestion, eases bowel spasms and flatulence, and is often used by herbalists to prevent the griping effect of laxatives.

Carnauba Wax- A natural, hard wax obtained from the leaves of palm trees. It is used primarily as a thickening agent, but also has film-forming and absorbent properties. To protect itself against dehydration during the period of drought that severely affects the Northeast region of Brazil every year for more than six months, the Carnauba covers its leaves with a thick layer of wax consisting basically of esters, alcohols and fatty acids of high molecular weight. Once the leaves have been collected, they are dried out and beaten for the wax to loosen up. After going through a refining process that includes filtering, distillation, and centrifugation, the wax is used all over the world by various industries, such as in the manufacture of polishing wax (floors, shoes, cars etc.), in the paper and packaging industries, in making paints and other more resistant continuous coatings, in the cosmetic industry (lipsticks, enamels), in the food industry (bubble gum, chocolate, fruits), as well as in the pharmaceutical industry as vehicle and excipient.

Carrageenan- Chondrus Crispus. Irish Moss. A natural stabilizer and emulsifier. Wonderful humectant properties for the skin and hair. Seaweed like in smell and water soluble.

Carrot Oil-Daucus Carota Sativa- Botanical; emollient; anti-aging; skin protectant. This carotene rich emollient is derived from the carrot root. A good source of Vitamin A. Used in some cosmetics to treat skin blemishes or to assist with creating a tan stain in conjunction with other ingredients. Also some application indicated for dermatitis and skin rashes by some estheticians.

Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana)- Alterative, anthelmintic, bitter tonic, cathartic, cholagogue, emetic, febrifuge, hepatic, laxative stimulant, nervine, stomachic, tonic-colon. The name Cascara Sagrada means �sacred bark�, and was bestowed upon this particular tree by Spanish and Mexican explorers. The American Indians used it as a remedy for chronic constipation, among many other things. It is not considered to be a habit forming laxative, as it restores natural tone to the colon. Cascara Sagrada helps the body rid itself of gallstones, and is helpful in the treatment of hemorrhoids, as well as jaundice, colitis, and liver failure.

Catnip (Nepeta cataria)- Analgesic, antacid, antispasmodic, aperitive, aromatic, bitter, carminative, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, nervine, refrigerant, sedative, stimulant, stomachic, tonic. The North American Indians used Catnip as a sedative and for infants with colic. Early Europeans were drinking Catnip tea before even Chinese tea became popular. Catnip is a good topical aid for hemorrhoids, and relieves pain, spasms, the flu, and colds. It is also good for calming the nerves and reducing fever. Catnip improves circulation throughout the body is good for reducing swelling, especially under the eyes. It removes excess mucus from the body, relieves gas from the bowels, and is generally soothing.

Cat�s Claw (Uncaria tomentosa)- Lymphatic stimulant, expectorant, antispasmodic, astringent. Native to the South and Central American rain forests, Cat�s Claw has traditionally been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. It is also used for stomach ulcers, eczema, liver diseases, gastritis, and fevers, as well as a powerful immune stimulant. The Ashanica Indians of Peru believe that if one drinks a cup of Cat�s Claw decoction a week it will ward of disease, cleanse the body, and ease bone pain.

Cayenne (Capsicum annum)- Antibacterial, antipyretic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aperitive, aromatic, astringent, blood thinner, cardiovascular tonic, carminative, condiment, diaphoretic, hemostatic, hypertensive, hypotensive, rubefacient, stimulant, stomachic, tonic-general, vulnerary. This herbs name comes from the Greek word �to bite�, and was brought over to Europe by Christopher Columbus upon his return from the New World. The Cherokee Indians used Cayenne as a stimulant, while the Navajos used it as a means of weaning young children. Cayenne is a known catalyst, and aids the body in absorbing virtually any concoction, as well as increasing its effectiveness once ingested. It stimulates digestion, increases circulation, and is high in vitamin A. This last property is especially useful to us because vitamin A is essential for the maintenance of normal vision, growth, cellular activity, reproduction and immunity. Capsicum is a useful aid in arresting hemorrhaging and for cleansing and healing external wounds. It heals ulcers in the cell structures of arteries, veins and capillaries, heals any inflammation, aids in healing the flu and colds, lowers cholesterol, and decreases fat deposits in the liver while simultaneously increasing the liver enzymes responsible for fat metabolism. If Cayenne and Plantain are combined, a poultice of sorts can be applied to the skin in order to draw out foreign items such as slivers and thorns, and a small amount of powder can be sprinkled in the socks in order to prevent frost bite.

Celandine (Chelidonium majus)- Alterative, diuretic, purgative, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, anodyne, narcotic. Celandine is primarily used for cleansing the liver, hepatitis, jaundice, eczema, psoriasis, warts and various other skin problems. It is a blood-purifier that also relieves muscle spasms, itchiness of the skin, and ring worm. The Chinese have used it extensively for treating whooping cough and bronchitis. Interestingly, the fresh juice, when mixed with milk, is directly applied to cataracts and white spots that form on the cornea of the eye in order to remove them.

Celery (Apium graveolens)- Alterative, anti-rheumatic, antiseptic, aperitive, carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue, nervine, sedative, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, uterine stimulant. Celery has historically been used to stimulate digestion, and is also a good nervous system soother. It is a tonic for the skin, especially aging skin. Celery has been reported to balance out acidity in the body, as well as dissolving arthritic spurs with the body in a matter of about nine months. Celery is a natural source of organic sodium, stimulates the sex drive, and is helpful in the relief of headaches.

Cellulose Gum- Cellulose gum (CMC) is one of the most common hydrocolloid or thickening agent used by the global processed food industry due to its versatility, ease of use and effective cost-in-use. Cellulose gum is based on natural cellulose strains such as for example the lint from the cotton seed and its main functionality is to add mouth feel and texture, stabilize proteins, retain moisture and form oil-resistant films in a vast variety of food applications.

Centrimonium Chloride- It is a quaternized ammonium molecule (frequently abbreviated as quat), and it has a single positive charge at the head group. CTAC belongs to a family of molecules known as cationic surfactants, which can be used as emulsifying or conditioning agents. Some other commonly used molecules in this group are cetrimonium bromide (CTAB), behentrimonium chloride, and quaternium-15. Their conditioning capabilities are due to electrostatic attraction between the positively-charged head group of the cationic surfactant and negative charges that occur along the surface of hair strands. This electrostatic attraction causes cationic surfactant molecules to deposit themselves onto the cuticle of the hair, which helps create a smoother surface and also reduces static-induced flyaway hair that can occur in cold, dry weather. As emulsifying agents, cationic surfactants can be used to aid the formulator in getting many different types of hydrophobic (water fearing) oils to go into solution. They are frequently used in mixtures with a nonionic surfactant. These mixtures can form large micelles, or emulsion droplets. Oil-in-water micelles are clusters of molecules with an oily center or core, made up of the non-polar tails of the surfactants, surrounded by an outer shell formed by the polar portion of the molecule. The polar portion of the shell is water soluble, and the interior of the micelle can encapsulate a water-insoluble oil, such as silicone. This complex particle can then be dispersed into an aqueous solution, such as a hair conditioner or shampoo formula. (There are also micelles known as water-in-oil micelles, where the polar groups are in the interior portion of the micelle, and the oil soluble portions are on the exterior of the micelle.) A common example of such a mixture is cetrimonium chloride, trideceth-12 (the nonionic surfactant), and amodimethicone. The two surfactants surround the amodimethicone, which is water insoluble. The resultant aggregate of all three components is dispersible in water, due to the hydrophilic nature of the micelle shell. However, it should be noted that this mixture is dispersible in water for the purposes of ease of manufacture of the shampoo or conditioner. The mixture does not remain intact during product use, and it should not be inferred that having those three components in a formula renders the amodimethicone water soluble once it is applied to the hair. Once the actual product is applied to wet hair in the shower, the aggregate is broken up and each component does what it would ordinarily do. The nonionic surfactant is washed away when the hair is rinsed; the positively-charged amodimethicone and the cationic surfactant are each deposited (separately) onto the surface of the hair. The amodimethicone is left alone, and is thus in its water insoluble state, and it dries to form a film, which imparts sheen and silkiness to the hair. Despite the fact that it is water insoluble, amodimethicone has been found to resist the formation of build up, and most users have reported excellent results with products containing amodimethicone, even if they use a shampoo-free regimen.

Ceteareth 20- Fatty alcohol that is used to thicken cosmetics and keep ingredients mixed together and stable.

Cetyl Alcohol- A fatty alcohol used as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and carrying agent for other ingredients. Painted Earth uses a naturally derived cetyl alcohol as in coconut fatty alcohol. It is not an irritant and is not related to SD alcohol or ethyl alcohol. The term alcohol here is a real disservice to this ingredient as it is really a fat substance. Produced from Palm Oil usually, but it is also found in Coconut and other vegetable oils (it can be made synthetically too). Considered by some sources to be non-comedogenic, it is a moisturizer (not at all a drying alcohol).

Chamomile (Anthemis nobilis-Roman)- Analgesic, anodyne, antibiotic, antifungal, anti-pholgistic, antipyretic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aperitive, aromatic, bitter, calmative, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, nervine, sedative, stimulant, stomachic, sudorific, tonic, vermifuge. Chamomile was known by the Greeks as �ground apple�. The Cherokee Indians used it in the cases of colic, vomiting and bowel complaints. It helps one to relax and aids digestion and bowel problems. It is an effective easer of menstrual cramps, as well as helping one to sleep, and has even been recommended for people who experience nightmares (especially children). Chamomile is an especially good herb to use while pregnant because it helps one to sleep and relax.

Chaparral (Larrea tridentate, L. divaricata)- Alterative, anodyne, antibiotic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiseptic, anti-tumor, bitter, blood purifier, diuretic, expectorant, anti-parasitic, tonic. The Paiute, Shoshone, and Kawaiisu Indians of North America used Chaparral for ailments relating to elimination and bacterial problems. In Mexico it is used an anti-cancer remedy. This plant is known to act against free radicals, and is therefore useful in any ailment related to degeneration. It is an anti-inflammatory, and is known to rebuild the tissues. Thus, it is an excellent herb for the skin, especially considering its free radical fighting properties. Chaparral eliminates parasites from the system, is a pain killer, and cleanses deep into muscular tissue. It is a strong cleansing herb for the kidneys, as well as a healer for the liver, blood, urethral tract and lymphatic system. It has also been shown to be a powerful anti-cancer herb.

Chaste Tree (Vitex agnus-castus)- In Italy, the flowers of the Chaste Tree are strewn on the ground in front of novices as they enter the monastery or convent. Many of its folk uses suggest that it is an anaphrodisiac; it was given to nuns to quell their sexual urges. Today, we know that it stimulates milk production in lactating women, regulates menstrual cycles, stimulates synthesis of the hormone progesterone, and can be used to treat inflammation of the womb lining, fibroids, and to establish menstruation and ovulation after discontinued use of the birth control pill.

Chickweed (Stellaria media)- Alterative, breaks down fat, demulcent, discutient, diuretic, emollient, expectorant, mucilant, nutritive, pectoral, refrigerant, stomachic. The Chippewa and Iroquois Indians used Chickweed as a wound poultice and eye wash. Chickweed is an excellent herb for treating any skin problem ranging from boils to sores to diaper rashes, and is also used for breast inflammation during lactation. It is good for sore eyes, hemorrhoids, swollen testes, stomach ulcers, and inflammation in general. Chickweed has a soothing effect on the body, and for this reason is used in baths. It moves plaque out of blood vessels, strengthens the tissue lining of the stomach, and breaks down cellulite.

Chinese Ginseng (Panax schinseng)- Adaptogen, alterative, aphrodisiac, cell proliferant, demulcent, digestant, diuretic, expectorant, nervine, nutritive, rejuvenative, immuno-stimulant, cardiotonic, tonic. The name �Ginseng� is Chinese for �man plant�, referring to its shape. Ginseng is healing to the prostate and is an aphrodisiac, is good for the digestive system, supports adrenal function, reduces stress, regulates blood sugar, and is considered by some to be the most powerful adaptogen of them all. It promotes regeneration of the body, helps to rebuild body strength, and is a stimulant for the brain and memory centers. Ginseng fights free radicals in the body, therefore combating the signs and symptoms of aging.

Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum)- Apart from being a popular herb used in various culinary traditions around the world, Cilantro has a long history of being used as a remedy for anxiety and insomnia in Iranian folk medicine. The seeds are used in India as a diuretic, as well as a digestive aid and carminative in traditional herbalism. Cilantro is also an effective treatment for acne (the juice can be applied to the face like a toner).

Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, C. cassia)- Analgesic, antibacterial, anti-fungal, antiseptic, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, fungicide, sedative, stimulant, stomachic, tonic. Cinnamon was one of the herbs that spurred world exploration. The Egyptians used Cinnamon in their embalming mixtures, and the Romans had to pay a high price for it. It calms down the stomach, reduces milk production, stops uterine hemorrhages and excessive menstruation, and has been shown to be both an anti-bacterial and an anti-fungal. Cinnamon suppresses E. coli and Candida Albicans, as well as controlling the microorganisms that cause Botulism and staph infections. It is also used for pain and discomfort experienced in menopause, chest pain, back pain, and neck pain.

Citric Acid- Acidulent; AHA; buffer. Often used to adjust the pH of a product.

Citronella- Cymbopogon Nardus- Used primarily in lotions, gels, and sprays as a natural bug repellent. Especially effective when combined with other natural essential oils that also repel insects and fleas- see our Pet and People section.

Cleavers (Galium aparine)- Diuretic, alterative, aperient, mild astringent. Cleavers is used as a treatment for skin diseases such as psoriasis, as well as burns, sunburns, and pigmentation. It is one of the most effective diuretic blood purifiers known, and is good for the treatment of all urinary and reproductive organ inflammations, as well as hepatitis and venereal disease. It is used in the case of enlarged lymph glands, cystitis, skin eruptions, and fevers.

Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata)- Analgesic, anodyne, anti-emetic, antiseptic, aromatic, astringent, carminative, disinfectant, expectorant, germicide, rubefacient, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, vermifuge. Cloves are sometimes used by dentists to disinfect and treat disturbed root canals. Clove cures nausea and rids the gastrointestinal tract of gas. Chinese herbalists often used the oil of Cloves to treat diarrhea and hernia. Cloves oil has strong germicidal properties, and has been shown to be effective against athlete�s foot, as well as other fungal conditions.

Cocoa Butter-Theobroma Cacao- Emollient; skin conditioner; skin protectant. A luscious moisturizing fat that has a high melting point so it is often observed as a solid. Good lubrication. Super high mineral content, vitamin C content, and feel good love chemicals. Cocoa was named Theobroma and means �food of the gods�. Cocoa Butter is becoming increasingly popular in the natural bodycare and cosmetic industries for good reason. It has been used for centuries in Africa for its moisturizing and healing properties, where it has been used to protect and condition skin which has been damaged by the sun and wind. The four major West African cocoa producers are the Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria and Cameroon. The Ivory Coast produces about 43 percent of the world�s cocoa, and the next largest producer is Ghana with about 14 percent of the world�s output. Nigeria is one of the smallest and produces about 6 percent of the world�s cocoa. Outside of West Africa, the major producers of cocoa are Indonesia, Brazil, Malaysia, Ecuador, and the Dominican Republic. After cocoa beans have been received at the processing location, they are inspected and thoroughly cleaned of all extraneous matter, such as sticks, stones, and metal fragments, as well as broken beans. Once the beans are cleaned they are roasted and then ground into a paste. The heat generated by this process causes the Cocoa Butter in the nib to melt, hence the name �cocoa liquor�. Chocolate liquor destined for processing into Cocoa Butter is refined to a very small particle size because it is easier to reduce the particle size early when the butter is still present. A smaller particle size makes butter extraction easier. Cocoa Butter contains natural antioxidants that give it a long shelf life of over 3 years. It is naturally rich in Vitamin E as well as a number of other vitamins and minerals. Vitamin E helps to soothe, hydrate, and balance the skin and also provides the skin collagen which assists with wrinkles and other signs of ageing. Cocoa Butter also contains cocoa mass polyphenol (CMP), a substance that inhibits the production of the immuno globulin IgE. IgE is known to aggravate symptoms of both dermatitis and asthma. For centuries pregnant women have used to Cocoa Butter formulations to prevent and treat stretch marks, but this pleasant-smelling substance is added to countless other topical preparations. Lotions and oils containing Cocoa Butter are often used in aromatherapy massage to promote relaxation and the feeling well-being. Research indicates that massaging the skin with Cocoa Butter may help relieve stress, boost the immune system, and even prevent cancer. This is because Cocoa Butter, like chocolate, contains a lot of CMP and there is some evidence that the CMP in Cocoa Butter may also help prevent heart disease and ease arthritic symptoms. Cocoa Butter is mainly used is a thickening agent and is a common ingredient in lipsticks, soaps and emollient creams. It is also a folk remedy for burns, cough, dry lips, fever, malaria, rheumatism, snakebite and wounds. It is reported to be antiseptic and diuretic.
� Cocoa Butter is has a melting point at human body temperature, is edible and nutritious which presents many industrial uses.
� Cocoa Butter is a superb moisturizer which slows down moisture loss.
� Cocoa Butter is known for its hydrating effects,
� Cocoa Butter is also gentle on the skin and has a pleasing aroma.
� Cocoa Butter is excellent when used on dry skin or on wrinkles.
� Cocoa Butter�s Emollient properties great in soap making and lotions.
� Cocoa Butter is hard at room temperature.
� Cocoa Butter is mainly used is a thickening agent and is a common ingredient in lipsticks, soaps and emollient creams.
� Cocoa Butter is easily absorbs into the skin and imparts sheen. Cocoa Butter is one of the most stable, highly concentrated natural fats known, and melts at body temperature so that it is readily absorbed into the skin. Since Cocoa Butter absorbs so quickly, it immediately relieves dry and irritated skin. There are many different uses for Cocoa Butter, below are some of the ways in which Cocoa Butter may be used:
� Add a spoonful to your bath water for a luxurious and healing experience. Especially helpful for those with dry or itchy skin, or sore muscles. Try adding Lavender or Chamomile essential oil as well, or an herbal infusion made from soothing herbs.
� In massage, Cocoa Butter is beneficial for overexerted muscles or for dry skin
� In soaps, Cocoa Butter has a conditioning effect that adds a good lather. Try incorporating Cocoa Butter into your handmade soap recipes.
� Use during pregnancy to keep the skin supple, and to prevent stretch marks. It may also be used after giving birth to reduce stretch marks.

Cocamide MIPA- A mixture of isopropanolamides of coconut acid. Also known as cocamide monoisopropanolamine. This ingredient works in a variety of ways, including as an emulsifier, a stabilizer (in foams & emulsions), a thickener, a surfactant, an anticorrosive agent and a foaming agent. It is mostly contained in personal care products such as shampoo, hair dye, conditioner, body wash, dandruff treatment, bubble bath, exfoliant/scrub, cleanser and liquid hand soap

Cocomidopropyl Betaine- Cocamidopropyl Betaine is a mild amphoteric co-surfactant. It is derived from coconut oil and beets and is highly water soluble in wide pH range, pH: 5 - 6 (10 percent aqueous solution). It is supplied in a clear yellow liquid with no or faint odor. Cocamidopropyl betain is very mild co-surfactant compatible with anionic, nonionic, cationic surfactants (also useful as primary surfactant), good cleanser and foam booster, viscosity enhancer, excellent conditioning and antistatic agent, moderate emulsifier. It is used in body washes, shampoos, bubble baths, cleansing lotions, creams, hand soaps, baby products, hair conditioners, cream rinses at use levels of 2-40percent

Coconut Milk- Painted Earth chooses to utilize coconut as a milk alternative for skin care and bath soaks. There is a significant body of work supporting this choice. Research continues to prove that Coconut will not only bring temporary relief to the skin, but it will aid in healing and repairing. It will have lasting benefits, unlike most lotions. It can help bring back a youthful appearance. The coconut milk will aid in removing the outer layer of dead skin cells, making the skin smoother. The skin will become more evenly textured with a healthy �shine�. While doing this the coconut milk will penetrate into the deeper layers of the skin and strengthen the underlying tissues. What coconut milk can do for your skin it can do for your hair. It is wonderful to use as a hair conditioner. Beauticians who are familiar with coconut swear by it. It softens the hair and conditions the scalp. Using the coconut milk as a pre-wash conditioner can rid a person of dandruff better than a medicated shampoo. Antiseptic fatty acids in coconut oil help to prevent fungal and bacterial infections in the skin when it is consumed and to some extent, when it is applied directly to the skin. The only way to gain entry into the body other than through the natural openings, such as the nose and mouth, is by penetrating the skin. When the skin�s defenses break down, infections can result. Acne, ringworm, herpes, boils, athlete�s foot, and warts are just some of the infectious conditions that can affect the skin and body. The biggest chemical barrier to infectious organisms is the acid layer on the skin. Healthy skin has a pH of about 5, making it slightly acidic. Our sweat (containing uric and lactic acids) and body oils promote this acidic environment. For this reason, sweat and oil do us good. Harmless bacteria can tolerate the acid and live on the skin, but troublesome bacteria can�t thrive and their numbers are few. The oil our bodies produce is called sebum. Sebum is secreted by oil glands (sebaceous glands) located at the root of every hair as well as other places. This oil is very important to skin health. It softens and lubricates the skin and hair and prevents the skin from drying and cracking. Sebum also contains medium chain fatty acids, in the form of medium chain triglycerides, that can be released to fight harmful germs. Our skin is home to many tiny organisms, most of which are harmless; some are beneficial. At least one variety of bacterium is essential to the healthy environment on our skin. It feeds on the sebum, breaking down the tryglycerides into free fatty acids. The bacteria actually feed on the glycerol part of the triglyceride. This leaves fatty acids which are now freed from the glycerol unit that held them together. Medium chain fatty acids which are bound to the glycerol unit as they are in coconut oil have no antimicrobial properties. However, when they are broken apart into free fatty acids, they become powerful antimicrobials. So these bacteria convert the medium chain triglycerides (in the sebum or on the skin) into free fatty acids that can kill disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The combination of the slightly acid pH and medium chain fatty acids provides a protective chemical layer on the skin that prevents infection from disease-causing organisms. Due primarily to the action of bacteria, the oil on the surface of your skin and hair is composed of between 40 and 60 percent free fatty acids. The medium chain fatty acids in the sebum provide the protective layer on the skin that kills harmful germs. Coconut is nature�s richest source of medium chain fatty acids. When coconut oil is put on the skin it doesn�t have any immediate antimicrobial action. However, when bacteria which are always present on the skin turn these triglycerides into free fatty acids, just as it does with sebum, the result is an increase in the number of antimicrobial fatty acids on the skin and protection from infection. The free fatty acids also help to contribute to the acid environment on the skin which repels disease causing germs. When bathing or showering, soap washes the protective layer of oil and acid off our skin. Often afterwards the skin becomes tight and dry. Adding moisturizers helps the skin feel better, but it does not replace the acid or the protective medium chain fatty acid layers that was removed. Your skin is vulnerable to infection at this time. You would think that your body would be clean and germ-free after a bath. But germs are everywhere, floating in the air, on our clothes and everything we touch. Many germs survive washing by hiding in cracks and folds of the skin. Before long your skin is again teaming with microorganisms, both good and bad. Until sweat and oils return to reestablish the body�s chemical barrier your skin is vulnerable to infection. If you have a cut or cracked skin, this can allow streptococcus, staphylococcus and other harmful germs entry into the body. By using coconut oil cream, coconut milk, or just pure coconut oil you can quickly help reestablish the skin�s natural antimicrobial and acid barrier. Coconut milk will absorb easily, keep the skin soft, and yet without feeling greasy. It is not like other soaks used to soften rough, dry skin. It will help to reduce chronic skin inflammation within days and be soothing and healing to wounds, blood blisters, rashes, etc. It is an excellent ingredient to use in healing salves and ointments. People have used a coconut oil/crushed garlic mixture at night to eliminate plantar warts and athlete�s foot with excellent results. A key point regarding coconut milk and its accompanying oils is Lauric Acid. Approximately 50percent of the fatty acids in coconut fat are lauric acid. Lauric acid is a medium chain fatty acid, which has the additional beneficial function of being translated into monolaurin in the human or animal body. Monolaurin is the antiviral, antibacterial, and antiprotozoal monoglyceride used by the human or animal to destroy lipid coated viruses such as HIV, herpes, cytomegalovirus, influenza, various pathogenic bacteria including listeria monocytogenes and heliobacter pylori, and protozoa such as giardia lamblia. Some studies have also shown antimicrobial effects of the free lauric acid . Coconut Oil-Cocos Nucifera- Antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, and contains lauric acid which is unique and wonderful for the skin. Virgin coconut oil is cold-pressed, pure, natural and unrefined. Our Virgin Coconut Oil is extracted from freshly harvested coconuts using a wet milling process that uses neither chemicals nor high heat. The result is a clear coconut oil that retains the distinct scent of coconuts. Our Virgin Coconut Oil is a off-white to white solid at temperatures below 76 degrees F. Virgin Coconut Oil is a great ingredient for lotions and hair treatments as well as soaps. In addition, it is naturally full of antioxidants and has an endless shelf life.

Colloidal Silver- A powerful healing agent and natural antibiotic. collidal-silver-newsletter

Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara)- Anti-inflammatory, antitussive, astringent, bitter, demulcent, diuretic, emollient, expectorant, mucilant, pectoral, sudorific, tonic. Coltsfoot has been considered one of the best herbal remedies for coughs for more than two-thousand years. Dioscorides recommended smoking the herb in the case of lung problems. Coltsfoot has been used throughout history as a remedy for asthma. It is soothing for the mucous membranes, resolves wheezing, and can also be used to relieve insect bites and stings, as well as skin problems and burns.

Comfrey (Symphytum officinale)- Antipyretic, antitussive, astringent, bitter, cell proliferant, demulcent, expectorant, mucilant, nutritive, styptic, tonic, vulnerary. Since 400 BC, Comfrey has been in use as a healing herb. It encourages the repair of bodily tissues, and the Greeks used it to treat bronchial problems and to stop heavy bleeding. Dioscordes prescribed the plant when he needed to heal wound and mend broken bones. The Cherokee Indians also used this plant for a number of ailments. Comfrey supports rapid healing due to its cell proliferating properties, can often close wounds, and is useful in healing respiratory problems. Comfrey soothes inflammation and can be applied to sore breast burns, wounds, swelling and bites. It promotes healthy skin and strong bones, promotes the secretion of pepsin, thereby making it an effective digestive aid, and arrests all sorts of bleeding and hemorrhaging.

Coptis (Coptis trifolia)- Coptis is a potent astringent, and is therefore ideal for the treatment of pimples, bumps, sores, etc. It also makes a good mouthwash. In the Himalayan regions of India Coptis is used to treat dyspepsia, and for insomnia in the case of the Chinese. It also improves digestion, relieves inflammation of the stomach, restores appetite, and is even employed in the treatment of alcoholism.

Corn Silk (Zea mays)- Alterative, cholagogue, diuretic, demulcent, lithotriptic, soothing, mild stimulant. It is said that Corn Silk originates from South America and was used by the Inca. Historically it has mainly been used for treating urogenital infections. Kidney problems, acute and chronically inflamed bladders have been treated with Corn Silk for over a century. It is useful for gonorrhea, controlling inflammation and relieving pain.

Cotton Root Bark (Gossypium hirsutum)- Cotton Root shuts down the corpus luteums ability to produce progesterone. Thus, it is an effective abortificant, because without the corpus luteum the egg has no source of progesterone, and therefore any potential pregnancy concerning that egg cannot maintain itself. It has also been observed that Cotton Root causes uterine contractions, making it useful for difficult menstruation and delayed childbirth.

Cramp Bark (Viburnum opulus)- Anti-abortive, antispasmodic, astringent, diuretic, emmenagogue, nervine, sedative, tonic. In Russia Cramp Bark is used for high blood pressure and other heart related problems. It is a good herb to use for things like eczema and various other skin problems, as well as coughs, colds, bleeding, stomach ulcers, the kidneys and the lungs. True to its name, Cramp Bark relieves cramps during menstruation, and is one of the best relaxants for the ovaries and uterus. Cramp Bark can be used to prevent miscarriage in the case of nervous afflictions, colic, headaches and rheumatism. It is a good muscle relaxant, and is recognized in the National Formulary as an antispasmodic for asthma and hysteria. They have also been known to be used in place of cranberries for jelly in Canada.

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon)- Cranberry has been shown to prevent bacteria from sticking to the inner walls of the bladder, therefore fighting bladder infections. It is good for fluid retention, is anti-asthmatic, and decreases the occurrence of kidney stones.

Cranberry Seed Oil- Vaccinium Macrocarpon- Cranberry seed oil is a high essential fatty acid content oil .It is the only available botanical oil with a one to one ratio of Omega 6 (linoleic) to Omega 3 (alpha-linolenic) fatty acids. This balance is critical for optimum halth and dermal integrity. Cranberry seed oil has excellent oxidative stability and contains 70% essential fatty acids making it a superb emollient, lubricant and conditioner for the skin. It is excellent for use in skin, hair, lip and baby care. Cranberry seed oil contributes to the lipid barrier protection of the skin and assists in moisture retention. This rich oil also contains an impressive ORAC rating for antioxidant value. CSO also contains high concentrations of tocopherols, tocotrienols, phytosterols, phospholipids and Vitamin A, redefining performance and stability standards for highly polyunsaturated oils.

Culvers Root (Veronicastrum virgincum)- Alterative, bitter, blood purifier, cathartic, cholagogue, emetic, hepatic, laxative, tonic. Culvers root works on the intestines in cases of chronic constipation. It has a beneficial effect on the liver and is relaxing to the body. It helps with digestion, purifies the blood by way of cleansing obstructions, and expels gas from the body.

Damiana (Turnera aphrodisiaca)- Aperient, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, aromatic, bitter, diuretic, hormonal, laxative, nervine, stimulant, tonic. The Maya Indians called Damiana mzib-coc, meaning plant for asthma. They used it for lung disorders, dizziness, vertigo, and as a body cleanser in general. Damiana is a sexual rejuvenator, especially in cases of senility, and increases sperm count in males. In Mexico Damiana is used for treating female problems. It strengthens the reproductive organs, helps with menopause, balances female hormones, strengthens the ovum, and helps with impotency in both men and women. Damiana can be used as a laxative for children, and helps to relieve symptoms of colds and the flu. It is also a stimulant for the central nervous system.

Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)- Alterative, anti-rheumatic, aperient, bitter, blood purifier, calcium solvent, cholagogue, deobstruent, depurative, diuretic, galactagogue, hepatic, intoxicant, laxative, nutritive, stimulant, stomachic, general tonic. Dandelions Latin name, Taraxacum, comes from the Greek word taraxos, meaning �disorder remedy�. It is rich in potassium, improves overall health, and increases mobility. This herb is known for inducing the flow of bile from the liver, reduces serum cholesterol and uric acid content in the body, and has been used a poultice for breast cancer. European herbalists use the juice of the Dandelion root to treat liver diseases and diabetes, as well as to build up the blood in cases of anemia. Dandelion greens contain seven-thousand units of vitamin A per ounce, making it one of the best herbs possible for anything related to the skin and connective tissues. Its high content of potassium is coupled with a high organic sodium content, making it a balancer of electrolytes in the body. Dandelion juice has been used to treat warts, acne, blisters and corns. When eaten, it even improves the enamel of the teeth. The Chinese use the seeds as an antibiotic in the case of lung infections, and the main chemical in Dandelion known as Inulin is currently being studies for its strengthening effects on the kidneys.

Dead Sea Salts- Salts from the Dead Sea have been legendary for centuries for their therapeutic and beatifying properties on the skin. Nothing like regular sea salt, Dead Sea salts are comprised of a wide variety of minerals which are present in a high concentration. Whereas regular sea salts is made up of over 90percent sodium, salt from the Dead Sea is only about 10percent sodium and the rest is made of minerals which are essential for the proper function and health of skin. Such minerals include Magnesium, Potassium, Bromine and Calcium to name a few . Sprains, bruises, muscle injuries, swelling, back aches, and nervous tension are all relieved by the healing minerals in Dead Sea salts. Unlike regular salt, Dead Sea salt is not edible and tastes bitter to the taste primarily because of the low sodium content and the high presence of so many other minerals. This fact however gives it the therapeutic properties that have been raved about for centuries. The minerals present in the salt are also naturally present within skin cells but commonly get depleted which can cause severe dryness, wrinkle development and dull looking skin. When Dead Sea bath salts or products made with minerals extracted from the salt are used, the feed those essential minerals back into the skin cells improving the overall health and vitality of the skin. Because of this rich presence of so many essential minerals, people from all over the world travel to the Dead Sea to get relief from their skin ailments such as Psoriasis, Eczema and more. There are many spas and skin therapy centers located on the shores of the sea to take It has been researched and documented that bathing in Dead Sea salts helps relieve skin conditions such as Psoriasis and Eczema, bath salts have become an open secret among sufferers of these conditions, because there is no other natural remedy. The legend of how well Dead Sea salt works at helping skin look and feel younger, smoother as well as provide relaxation and skin ailment therapy dates back many thousands of years. For instance, over 2000 years ago - the Jewish Roman historian Flavius wrote the following about people�s experience with Dead Sea bath salt: The Dead Sea can not be praised too highly�travelers take as much of this salt as they are able to home with them because it heals the human body and is therefore used in many medicines. Cleopatra, the queen of ancient beauty was legendary for her magically youthful looks throughout her whole life, even as she got older. The real secret to the beauty of her silky skin was the anti aging effect of bath salts, mud and cosmetics made with Dead Sea salt - which was gathered for her at the factories she had built on the shores of the sea. The ruins of those factories can still be seen today at Erin Brooke and Erin Geed and they stand as testimonials to the ageless beauty power of Dead Sea bath salt. This chart outlines the mineral properties of Dead Sea salts. Mineral Typical Range Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2) 33.3 31.0 - 35.0 Potassium Chloride (KCl) 24.3 20.0 - 28.0 Sodium Chloride (NaCl) 5.5 3.0 - 8.0 Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) 0.2 0.1 - 0.5 Bromide (Br-) 0.5 0.3 - 0.6 Sulphates (SO4) 0.15 0.05 - 0.2 Insolubles 0.03 0 - 0.3 Water of Crystallization 36.4 32.0 - 40.0 Dead Sea Concentrate- Contains trace minerals from the Dead Sea. Minerals from the Dead Sea, which are intensified in the dried salt compounds, contain a varied source of minerals that have shown promise as detoxifiers and purifiers. Every year thousands of people flock to the Dead Sea to soak in its �healing waters.�

Decyl Glucoside- Decyl glucoside is a mild, plant derived, biodegradable, natural, and gentle coconut based cleanser. A non-ionic surefactant used in cosmetic formularies including baby shampoo and in products for individuals with sensitive skin.

Devils Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens)- Alterative, analgesic, anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, anodyne, anti-phlogistic, anti-rheumatic, bitter tonic, cholagogue. Devil�s Claw can be found in the Namibian Steppes, where the natives use it for a wide array of ailments that include gout, arthritis and rheumatism. This herb also aids in liver and gall bladder problems, overcomes/prevents the hardening of the veins and arteries, slows down the aging process, and is a general cleanser for the body and its many systems.

Devils Club (Oplopanax horridum)- Tonic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-rheumatic. Due to its high content of tannins, Devils Claw lowers blood sugar. It is used for diabetes, arthritic and rheumatic conditions, and Chinese qi tonics. It is native to the Pacific Northwest, and has a long history of use among the Tlingit, Shagit and Kwaikiutil peoples. Current research is showing us that Devils Club has antiviral, antifungal, antibiotic and antibacterial properties. The acetylenes found in the inner bark have been shown to be effective against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and other various bacteria and viruses. D�Limonine- a citrus surfactant for natural cleansing products

Dimethicone-an extremely gentle silicone oil used to create a protective barrier for the skin and prevent ageing and free radical break down in the dermal layer.

Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate- Disodium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate is a disodium salt used as a gentle nonionic surfactant. It is safe and gentle and rates zero on the toxicity rating for Skin Deep.

Hydrosols are exquisite aromatic waters derived from fruits, herbs, plants, and flowers that have been distilled to produce essential oils. They are hydrating, nurturing, healing, protective, cleansing, and restorative to the skin when applied topically.

Dong Quai (Angelica sinensis)- Alterative, analgesic, anti-spasmodic, bitter, blood tonic, diuretic, emmenagogue, hormonal-female, laxative, oxytocic, sedative, uterine tonic. Dong Quai has been in recorded use since 588 B.C. for dysmenorrhea. Its principal use is for issues concerning women, especially ailments affecting the smooth muscles of the uterus and female organs in general. Dong Quai has antibiotic effects on bacteria such as E. coli and Streptococcus. It is a general circulatory aid, balances female hormones, purifies the blood, relieves tinnitus, blurred vision and palpitations, and calms the nerves. It enhances the effects of vitamin E, regulates menses, builds blood, helps to overcome constipation, and rebuilds the lymphatic system.

Echinacea Root (Echinacea purpurea)- Alterative, antibiotic, antiseptic, antiviral, carminative, depurative, diaphoretic, immunostimulant, mucilant, sialagogue, stimulant, vulnerary. Echinacea, also known as the King of Blood Purifiers, has been found to be good for enlargement and weakness of the prostate gland. It strengthens the immune system by way of its polysaccharides, fatty acids and glycosides, is useful in cases of toxemia and ulcerative colitis and, true to its name, is a very well known blood purifier. Echinacea cleanses the lymphatic system, increases resistance to various infections such as bronchitis, and is helpful for treating cellular abscesses. Within the last twenty years extensive research has been done showing that Echinacea has an antibiotic cortisone-like property, and assists in the healing of the synovial membrane, supports collagen through hyaluronic acid protection, promotes wound healing, stimulates T-cell lymphocytes and suppresses tumors. Echinacea is a powerful anti-inflammatory, antibiotic and anti viral, and is used by many to treat colds, the flu, and many other infections. This is because it blocks the receptor site of any particular virus on the surface of the cell membrane, therefore preventing the cell from becoming infected.

Elder Flower (Sambucus spp.)- Alterative, anti-inflammatory, bitter, detoxicant, diaphoretic (mild), laxative. Seventeenth Century herbalist John Evelyn called Elder Flower the remedy �against all infirmities what-so-ever�. The wood of Christ�s cross was from the Elder Flower tree. Elder Flower promotes sweating, making it useful for bronchitis and other ailments of that sort. It has been used for generations as a folk remedy for the flu, coughs and colds, and is known to reduce fever, purify the blood and cleanse the body at a cellular level. This herb is also an anti-inflammatory, and can be used as a sedative to help relieve pain.

Elecampane (Inula helenium)- Anti-emetic, anti-septic, astringent, bitter, blood builder, carminative, diaphoretic (mild), diuretic, expectorant, parasiticide, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, vermifuge, vermicide. �Let no day pass without eating some of the roots of Elecampane to help digestion, to expel melancholy, and to cause mirth.� These are the words of Roman scholar Pliny, and are a testament to how dutifully the Romans chose Elecampane as a cure for post banquet indigestion. The American Indians used the herb for bronchial and other lung problems. It is used widely among herbalists to treat chest congestion, and controls excessive coughing, mucus discharge, respiratory tract inflammation, urinary problems, and menstrual complaints. Elecampane can be used internally to rid the body of intestinal worms, can be applied externally to treat skin problems, lessen tooth decay, improve assimilation and relieve water retention.

Eleuthero (Eleutherococcus senticosus)- Adaptogen, immunostimulant. Eleuthero has been used in China for thousands of years as a way to invigorate the qi, or vital energy with the body. Also known as Siberian Ginseng, it grows in eastern Russia, Hokkaido, northeast China and Korea. It is used to normalized body functions, promote appetite, restore vigor, and to prevent disease and bodily malfunction in general. In human studies Eleuthero has been successfully used to treat bone marrow suppression, angina, headache, insomnia and poor digestion. It is an anti-inflammatory herb, antioxidant, and nervine/immune tonic.

Essential oils not only have therapeutic fragrances, but also contain countless varied compounds that facilitate healing and renewal for the skin and body. Pure food grade essential oils are used in many alternative healing traditions and have been for millennia.

Ethylhexyl Glycerin- This is a natural and gentle preservative derived from glycerin and used in various skin, hair, and body care formulations.

Evening Primrose Oil-Oenothera Biennis- Emollient; skin conditioner; botanical. Has been used as a base builder for natural estrogen production in the body. It is also a light, non-oily moisturizer. Acne, eczema, psoriasis and other skin maladies will benefit form this oil. Evening Primrose Seed Oil is pressed the seeds of the Evening Primrose plant, Oenothera Biennis . The yellow flowers only open in the evening, hence their common name. Evening Primrose is a common wildflower found in North America, Europe, and parts of Asia . This plant was used by Native Americans and early settlers as a nutritional support and to treat against conditions such as sore throats, stomachaches, hemorrhoids, and bruises. Evening Primrose has also been used medicinally in Europe since the seventeenth century. Over the last 20 years, this oil has once again become popular for its medicinal properties, and is now a common dietary supplement. With the popularity of anti-fat diets and trends, many people are under the incorrect impression that all fats are bad, and that they should be avoided. However, this is a falsehood, and the truth is that some fats are necessary and vital for our health.

Essential Fatty Acids support our physiological functions, and are essential for the health of our skin and overall health. Essential Fatty Acids cannot be produced by our own bodies, and instead must be obtained from dietary sources. Evening Primrose Seed Oil is a rich source of gamma linoleic acid, an Omega 6 fatty acid that is needed for our cardiovascular, immune, nervous, and reproductive systems, and to maintain healthy cells and body functions. In addition, Evening Primrose Seed Oil has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects and may also act as a blood thinner and blood vessel dilator.

Eyebright (Euphrasia officinalis)- Anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, bitter, tonic. The origin of the name �Eyebright� comes from the Greed word Euphrosyne, meaning �gladness�. In �Paradise Lost�, Milton relates that Michael the Archangel used Eyebright to cure Adam of the eye infliction he suffered from eating the forbidden fruit. Eyebright is used for problems relating to mucous membranes, and is quite effective in treating chronic and acute inflammations of the eye. When the oil of eyebright is applied directly to the eyeball it is activated by sunlight and begins to strengthen and sooth the cornea, ciliary muscle, ligaments, lens, retina, iris, and optic nerves. This results in improved eyesight and has even been proven to both retard and reverse cataracts. Aside from benefiting the eyes, Eyebright is also a blood cleanser and liver stimulant.

False Unicorn (Chamaeleirium luteum)- Diuretic, emetic, emmenagogue, hormonal, parasiticide, stimulant, tonic, uterine tonic. The Native Americans chewed False Unicorn when pregnant in order to prevent miscarriage. This herb helps to ease nausea during morning sickness and has also been used in cases of infertility. If one desires to normalize the system after years of using birth control, False Unicorn is a wise choice. It stimulates ovarian hormones and is helpful for women in early menopause or after a hysterectomy. False Unicorn can be used for impotency and prostate problems in men, strengthens the reproductive and urinary organs, normalizes delayed or absent menses, and rids the intestines of parasites such as worms.

Flax oil-Linum Usitatissimum- From linseed oil; botanical; emollient. Natures riches plant source of Omega-3EFA (alpha-linolenic acid) at approximately 54%. Omega-EFA is beneficial for dry skin and tissue inflammations.

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)- Antacid, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, aromatic, carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, galactagogue, parasiticide, stimulant, stomachic, tonic. Hypocrites and Dioscorides recommended Fennel for promoting milk production in lactating women. British herbalist Culpeper used Fennel to break up kidney stones. It improves digestion, quiets hiccups, prevents nausea, and helps eliminate gout by breaking up uric acid in the tissues. Fennel works as an antidote to poisonous mushrooms and helps clear mucus from the liver and lungs. It is rich in vitamin A, therefore improving vision, skin quality, etc. Fennel can be taken to expel worms from the intestines, eliminate intestinal gas, reduce inflammation, rid the intestinal tract of mucus, reduce weight, and cleanse the gall bladder and liver.

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)- Alterative, aphrodisiac, aromatic, astringent, carminative, demulcent, emollient, expectorant, galactagogue, hormonal, laxative (bulk), mucilant, nutritive, parasiticide, stimulant, stomachic, tonic. Fenugreek is currently being used in the Middle East to treat diabetes. It has been shown that Fenugreek softens and dissolves hardened masses of accumulated mucus, soothes the mucus membranes in the lungs and gastrointestinal tract, treats lung infections, and has been used to help prevent pregnancies. Fenugreek is beneficial for treating skin problems, boils, inflammation, abscesses and wounds due to its strong drawing power. It can also be used in place of cod liver oil to treat rickets, anemia and scrofula.

Feverfew (Chrysanthemum parthenium)- Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antipyretic, aperient, aromatic, bitter, carminative, emmenagogue, nervine, parasiticide, stimulant, tonic, vasodilator. Feverfew has been used since the Middle Ages to reduce fever. Dioscorides used Feverfew in childbirth if contractions were not regular. Feverfew is a good pain reliever, and was recommended by Dioscorides for �all inflammations and hot swellings�. In experimental studies, it has been shown that Feverfew is more effective than aspirin in inhibiting inflammation and fever than aspirin. Scientists have determined that Feverfew inhibits the production of prostaglandins. These constrict and dilate cerebral blood vessels, which leads to a migraine. With the use of Feverfew, this will not happen. Feverfew also aids the body in healing itself, and has been used to restore normal liver function.

Fringe Tree (Chionanthus virginica)- Native Americans used a poultice of Fringe Tree bark to heal wounds. In frontier medicine it was used to treat liver diseases and gall bladder ailments. Fringe Tree is an effective yet gentle laxative, stimulates the appetite and increases gastric secretion.

Kosher Vegetable Glycerin- A natural humectant and affordable moisturizer. Vegetable based.

Garlic (Allium sativum)- Alterative, anti-bacterial, anti-biotic, anti-catarrhal, anti-fungal, anti-pyretic, antiseptic, anti-spasmodic, anti-viral, aromatic, carminative, cholagogue, depurant, diaphoretic, digestant, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, fungicide, hypertensive, hypotensive, immuno-stimulant, nervine, parasiticide, prophylactic, rubefacient, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, vulnerary. The Egyptians believed garlic could help a person fight cancer, and Dioscorides used garlic for all diseases and ailments of the windpipe. During the plague in Europe people ate garlic daily as a preventative measure. Garlic is a powerful antibiotic, but doesn�t ravage the body the way synthetic antibiotics do. Due to its high content of thiamine, Garlic is good for preventing mosquito bites. It can be used to fight infections of all kinds, speed up wound healing, strengthen the immune system, reduce blood cholesterol and prevent narrowing of the arteries. It has been determined that the strong smell garlic emits is due to allicin, a sulphur containing amino acid. Although it is possible to remove the allicin, it is popular opinion that garlic owes its anti fungal and other medicinal properties to allicin. Planting garlic in ones garden is a good way to discourage insects from eating ones produce. Loma Linda University researchers have found compounds in garlic that kills aflatoxin by activating certain enzymes in the liver. Garlic stimulates the lymphatic system, relieves pain from insect bites, rids the bowels of parasites, controls fevers and combats viruses, cleans the blood, and is used in India to cleans wounds and ulcers. Garlic improves circulation, inhibits the activities of the parasitic fungus responsible for AIDS, and is an antioxidant, anti-tumor agent, anti-stress agent and a liver protector. Paavo Airola described Garlic as the King of the Vegetable Kingdom.

Gentian (Gentiana lutea)- Alterative, anti-bilious, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, antiseptic, bitter, cholagogue, digestant, laxative (mild), parasiticide, sialagogue, gastric stimulant, stomachic, tonic. The herb Gentian was named after Gentius, King of Illyria. It is believed that he was the first to discover the medicinal value of this particular plant. In Appalachia people carry a piece of Gentian root to aid in physical strength and energy, as well as to build the blood. The Romans used Gentian as a bitter digestive tonic, and Father Kneipp, a nineteenth century German healer, is quoted from his journals as saying If the food is felt to be heavy in the stomach, and is troublesome, a little cordial made with a teaspoonful of Gentian extract in a half glass of water will soon stop the disorder. This herb is good for treating anorexia because it stimulates appetite. It has a normalizing effect on the thyroid gland, cleanses the colon, helps the female organs, and is generally strengthening to the whole body.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale)- Analgesic, antacid, anti-emetic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, aperitive, aromatic, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, nervine, rubefacient, sialagogue, stimulant, stomachic, tonic. Ginger was introduced to the Americas in the sixteenth century by the Spaniards. It became so popular among the Europeans that in 1884 Britain imported over five-million pounds. Researchers at Cornell University have found that Ginger might help prevent strokes and hardening of the arteries. It thins the blood and lowers blood cholesterol. It soothes the stomach, helps clear the lungs and chest, stimulates the kidneys, reduces migraines, combats nausea and motion sickness, and relieves cramps during menses.

Gingko (Gingko biloba)- Adaptogen, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, anti-tussive, astringent, bitter, expectorant, nervine, parasiticide, sedative, circulatory stimulant, vaso-dilator. The Gingko biloba tree is known to be the oldest species of tree in the world. They have been known to live an average of one-thousand years, and were the only trees to survive the Hiroshima bombing. Gingko is a longevity herb. It increases blood flow, helps with memory loss, reduces blood cell clumping, prevents strokes, and helps with Tinnitus. Ginkgo biloba helps to prevent macular degeneration, oxygenates cells, and strengthens the vascular system.

Glyceryl Stearate- This is a thickening agent that helps give products a luminescent or opalescent appearance. A large group of ingredients that are composed of fats and oils. At room temperature, the fats are usually solid and the oils are generally liquid. Some tropical oils are liquids in their sites of origin and become solids in cooler or different applications. These multitudinous fats and oils are used in cosmetics as emollients and lubricants as well as water-binding and thickening agents.

Golden rod (Solidago canadensis)- Anti-catarrhal, anti-inflammatory, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic. Golden rod is most effective for ailments of the upper respiratory area, such as congestion. It is also used to promote the healing of various types of wounds, as well as kidney problems such as dark cloudy urine or kidney stones, and is effective against diarrhea and intestinal hemorrhages.

Golden Seal (Hydrastis canadensis)- Alterative, antacid, anti-bilious, anti-bacterial, antibiotic, anti-catarrhal, anti-periodic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, anti-syphilitic, aperitive, astringent, bitter, cholagogue, depurant, diuretic, emmenagogue, hemostatic, hepatic, laxative, nervine, ophthalmic, pectoral, prophylactic, immuno-stimulant, stomachic, tonic. Golden Seal, or King of the Mucous Membranes, is used to treat congestion and chronic inflammation of the respiratory and urogenital tracts, chronic gastritis and enteritis, catarrhal affliction of the nose, eye inflammation, and inflammation of the female sexual organs. Golden Seal was first introduced to the Europeans by the Cherokee people, who used it to treat ulcers and arrow wounds. This herb is good for treating various feminine problems such as profuse menstruation and uterine hemorrhaging. It increases blood supply to the spleen, treats cracks in the skin and fissures in the nipples, stimulates the bowels, is an antiseptic, strengthens the immune system, relieves mouth sores, and cures ring worm. Golden Seal also contains the natural anti-biotic known as Berberine which is useful in treating mouth and gum problems.

Gotu Kola (Hydrocotyle asiatica)- Adaptogenic, alterative, anti-pyretic, anti-spasmodic, aphrodisiac, astringent, blood purifier, diuretic, nervine, sedative, stimulant, brain tonic. Gotu Kola is popular among many people for enhancing brain function and improving memory. It purifies the blood, balances hormones and the nervous system, and helps with menopausal problems in women. There is a Sinhalese proverb which says Two leaves a day keep old age away, referring to Gotu Kola�s reputation as a longevity herb. Gotu Kola stimulates the brain while calming it at the same time. It has been used as a blood cleanser for skin diseases, and in the Far East has been employed for leprosy and tuberculosis.

Grapefruit Seed Extract-Citrus Grandis- Antioxidant; botanical. Sometimes known as citricidal. It has proved to have some antibacterial properties. Extracted from the seeds of grapefruits.

Grapeseed oil-Vitis Vinifera- Our Grapeseed oil is truly superb in every regard. It has a mild green color with a pleasant odor, superb taste, and great absorption rate. Generally employed as a base oil for many creams, lotions and as a general carrier oil; this Grapeseed oil can also be employed as a delicious salad dressing or cooking oil. Grapeseed is especially useful for skin types that do not absorb oils too well, and it does not leave a greasy feeling. Wonderful for those with skin sensitivities because of its natural non-allergenic properties. Antioxidant; carrier; emollient; moisturizer. Contains natural Vitamin E and is good in massage oils. Has a high linoleic acid content. An amazing anti-oxidant, for anti-aging benefits. One of the most nutritive oils known to man.

Green Tea (Thea cinensis, Camellia sinensis)- Stimulant, diuretic, astringent. The tannins in Green Tea have been found to contain anti-tumor properties. Because of its high antioxidant content it is useful in preventing aging. Green Tea is also good for treating diarrhea, and has been used historically as a mental stimulant when one desires good thought and conversation. Green Tea stabilizes blood lipids, stimulates immune functions, prevents plaque build up on the teeth, and reduces mental fatigue. It is also useful in treating high cholesterol and hypertension. Green Tea-Camellia Sinensis- Anti-aging; anti-inflammatory; anti-irritant. A great source of Polyphenols. Contains catechins that are potent anti-oxidants.

Grindelia (Grindelia spp.)- Anti-spasmodic, expectorant, hypotensive. Although Grindelia is not a thoroughly-studied herb, what is known is that it is effective in treating poison ivy rashes by reducing the itching and swelling. It also soothes the smooth muscles of the heart, and has been used in the treatment of asthma, bronchitis, whooping cough, upper respiratory catarrh and hay fever.

Hawthorn (Crataegus oxycantha)- Anti-spasmodic, astringent, cardiac, digestant, diuretic, emmenagogue, hypertensive, hypotensive, sedative, cardiac-tonic, tonic. Hawthorn increases oxygen utilization by the heart, increases enzyme metabolism in the heart muscle, is a mild dilator of coronary vessels and lowers blood pressure. This herb is primarily used as a cardiac tonic, benefiting every condition from angina pectoris to heart murmurs. Hawthorn also relieves insomnia and restlessness.

Hibiscus Fibers-Hibiscus Sabdraffia- A vibrant fuschia plant material wonderful for scrubs and masques and exfoliating washes. High in antioxidants and very gentle on the skin.

Hemp Oil-Cannabis Sativa Oil- Emollient; moisturizer; vegetable oil. Hemp seed oil is considered an ideal companion to Flax Seed oil. It is a natural emollient with a �shady� but interesting past.

Ho Shou Wu (Polygonum multiflorum)- Adaptogen, alterative, aromatic, astringent, bitter, blood purifier, diuretic, hormonal, nervine, sedative, stimulant, tonic. The Chinese use Ho Shou Wu as a longevity and restorative herb. Ho Shou Wu increases blood flow to the heart, rejuvenates the endocrine glands, tones the liver and kidneys, prevents loss of hair color and muscle tone, and treats unexplained chronic fatigue and traumatic bruises.

Holy Basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum)- Adaptogen, astringent, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory. Holy Basil is a popular herb used in Ayurvedic medicine, and the leaves have been ground up for centuries and stored in grain to keep insects away. It is employed for such things as colds, headaches, stomach disorders, heart disease, malaria, various types of poisonings, and inflammation. The essential oil of Holy Basil is often used in skin care products due to its anti-bacterial properties.

Honey-Mel- Emollient- humectant; skin conditioner; hair conditioner. Honey is composed of several sugars and other substances, including malic, formic, citric, and lactic acids as well as enzymes and amino acids. A highly complex substance.

Hops (Humulus lupulus)- Anodyne, anti-spasmodic, aromatic, bitter, calmative, carminative, cholagogue, diuretic, febrifuge, nervine, parasiticide, sedative, soporific, stomachic, tonic. Hops are probably most well known for their use in the brewing of beer. Hops have been used to help induce sleep, prevent nightmares and calm the nerves by filling a muslin pillow with it. It increases bile secretion, tones the liver and gallbladder, reduces fevers, relieves pain and has even been used for jaundice. Hops are good for soothing inflammations, including boils, and relieve the pain of sciatica and other rheumatic pains. The muscles of the stomach become toned from the use of hops, and it is a useful herb when one wants to sooth the pain of a toothache or to prevent infections.

Horehound (Marrubium vulgare)- Anti-inflammatory, anti-tussive, aromatic, bitter, diaphoretic, diuretic-mild, expectorant, laxative, parasiticide (large doses), stimulant, stomachic, tonic. In Victorian times Horehound candies and soothing syrups used to be a favorite among children for soothing sore throats and congested lungs. Horehound helps to expel mucous from the respiratory bronchial system, sustains the vocal chords, helps to heal some external wounds, and promotes healthy bile secretion. Peculiar ailments of the stomach can be treated with Horehound. It can also be used for skin dermatitis conditions, and to remove obstructions from the liver and spleen.

Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)- Tonic, narcotic, febrifuge. The bark of Horse Chestnut is used for fevers and externally to treat ulcers and sores. The fruit of this herb is used for rectal problems, such as hemorrhoids, as well as ailments having to do with rheumatism and neuralgia. The tannins, flavonoids and saponins in Horse Chestnut tone and strengthen the vein walls. Horse Chestnut can also be used to treat prostatic enlargement.

Horseradish (Cochlearia armoracia)- Antibiotic, antiseptic, carminative, diaphoretic, digestive, diuretic, expectorant, laxative (mild), parasiticide, rubefacient, sialagogue, stimulant, stomachic. Horseradish has been used to clean the sinuses, and its vapor inhibits microorganisms. Internally it is a stimulant for digestion and a diuretic, and can be used for fevers and chronic rheumatism. It also cleanses the liver and spleen, and can be applied externally to sooth tight muscles and neck pain. Horseradish also rids the body of parasites. Horsetail (Equisetum arvense)- Astringent, carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue (mild), galactagogue, hemostatic, lithotriptic, nutritive, parasiticide, vulnerary. Horsetail is a strong astringent, making it effective in the treatment of both internal and external wounds. It has been used for centuries as a diuretic to aid in kidney infections, dropsy, and gravel, as well as a wash for swollen eyelids. In Guatemala it has been used for cancer. Horsetail is a perfect herb to combat aging due to its high content of silica. It strengthens the fingernails and hair, keeps the muscles and skin supple, and helps to facilitate the use of calcium in the body. Horsetail also kills parasite eggs, dissolves tumors, shrinks inflamed mucosal tissue, stimulates urine flow, and aids in circulation. It speeds up the recovery process in the case of broken bones, reduces menstrual bleeding, and has been used historically for the treatment of diabetes.

Hyaluronic Acid- Hyaluronic Acid is one of the most exciting ingredients on the market today. It was discovered by Karl Meyer in 1934 and has been successfully used in personal care and wound healing. Until the 1990�s the only method of producing hyaluronic acid was extracting it from rooster combs. Currently there are two forms of hyaluronic acid on the market; one derived from rooster comb and the other derived by the fermentation of yeast. Painted Earth only carries the 100% vegan approved material. Hyaluronic acid is naturally found in the extracellular matrix of human tissue. Topically applied hyaluronic acid forms an air permeable layer and penetrates into the dermis, thus boosting the elasticity and hydration of the skin. The protective breathable barrier on the skin locks in moisture which gives the skin a youthful appearance. The cuticle layer of the skin normally contains 10-20% water, however as we age it can drop to below 10%. Hyaluronic acid comes to the rescue with its unique ability to hold more than 1000 times its weight in water, which is a key factor in allowing the skin to retain more water. Amazingly, hyaluronic acid adjusts its moisture absorption based on the relative humidity in the air. It is the ideal ingredient in skin care products as it adjusts to the skin�s need for a moisturizing effect depending on the relative humidity of seasons and climate of an area. Hyaluronic acid also protects the epidermis by scavenging reactive oxygen species generated by ultra violet light which would normally cause sunspots.

Hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens)- Anti-lithic, bitter, calcium solvent, cathartic, diuretic, lithotriptic, tonic. Hydrangea removes bladder stones, backache due to kidney trouble, cleanses the blood, and prevents the formation of gravel in the kidneys. It is helpful for children who wet the bed, prostate infection and inflammation, bladder infections, and arthritic swelling.

Hydrogenated Castor Oil- A natural source oil from Castor beans. A hard and shiny oil found in most cosmetics that acts as a barrier agent and protective medium against harsh conditions and extremes. Very soothing to the skin when included into cosmetic applications.This oil is rich in fatty acids, and very soothing and lubricating to the skin. It acts as a humectant, attracting moisture to the skin. By itself, it would make a very soft bar but in combination with other oils, it makes a nice emollient bar of soap. Makes a great superfatting agent.

Hydrolyzed Quinoa- A high amino acid content vegetarian protein coming from the wild Andes mountains in Peru. The protein binds to the hair shaft for superb hair restructuring with a clean green footprint. Contains a low molecular weight.

Hydroxyethylcellulose- A plant-derived thickening agent typically used as a binding agent or emulsifier. Also used (most often in styling products) as a film-forming agent.

Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose- A plant-derived thickening agent typically used as a binding agent or emulsifier. Also used (most often in styling products) as a film-forming agent.

Hydroxypropyl Starch Phosphate- a corn starch. Hydroxypropyl corn starch phosphate is used as a hydrocolloid for improved availability of active ingredients in cosmetic or dermatological compositions.

Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis)- Anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antiviral, aromatic, carminative, cathartic, diaphoretic, expectorant, hepatic, nervine, parasiticide, pectoral, sedative, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, vulnerary. The word �hyssop� is of Greek origin and means �holy herb�. Psalms 51:7 says: �Purge me with Hyssop, and I shall be clean; wash me and I shall be whiter than snow.� In the seventh century it was strewn about the floors in sick rooms and used to improve the smell of kitchens. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries it was used to reduce sweating and to cure jaundice and dropsy. Hyssop is a good blood regulator, and is used primarily in the treatment of various throat afflictions. It strengthens the immune system, benefits the mucous lining of the bowels and stomach, builds resistance to infectious diseases, treats inflammation of the breast and clears away excess mucous from the intestinal tract.

Inulin Lauryl Carbamate- Inulin lauryl carbamate is a natural stabilizer and emulsifier derived from chicory, that keeps our oil in water or our water in oil lotions and creams consistent and smooth.

Isononyl Isononanoate- a zero toxicity organic emulsifier for gentle skin conditioning and no irritation.

Isononyl Isononanoate is the ester of a branched chain nonyl alcohol with a branched chainnonanoic acid.

Isopropyl Palmitate-Palm Oil- This organic Palm Kernel Oil is pressed from the fruit kernels of the palm tree Elaeis guineensis.It is most commonly found in handmade soap to increase its lather and hardness. It may also be used in a multitude of other cosmetic and bodycare products for its moisturizing properties. Palm oil can be used in lotions, cremes, balms, body butters and stick formulations where a thicker product is desired. When used in cold process soap making, it makes a nice hard bar when used in combination with other oils such as coconut and olive oil. It saponifies easily and pulls other oils into saponification quicker.

Jamaican Dogwood (Piscidia piscipula)- The West Indians use Jamaican Dogwood when they want to catch fish. They simply fill an open container with its branches, and as fish pass through the water that is now rich with isoflavones from the Dogwood, they �fall asleep�, making it easy to catch them. Jamaican Dogwood is a powerful sedative, and its main use is to treat insomnia. It is also a powerful remedy for migraines, neuralgia, and ovarian and uterine pains.

Jambul (Syzygium cumini)- Jambul is native to Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Indonesia. In Ayurveda the herb is used to treat diabetes, and in Chinese medicine for digestive ailments. According to the Hindu tradition, Rama ate only Jambul fruit during his fourteen year exile from Ayodhya. Jambul controls gingivitis and blood pressure, is very high in vitamins A and C and the fruit is sometimes used to make wine or vinegar.

Jojoba Beads- gentle jojoba wax beads in various colors exfoliate without scratching.

Jojoba Esters- An emulsifier from jojoba fats and waxes for binding and holding formulations together naturally. One of the primary elements in keeping skin healthy is making sure the structure of the epidermis (outer layer of skin) is intact. The components that do this are often called natural moisturizing factor. These are ingredients that mimic the structure and function of healthy skin. Jojoba and Jojoba esters are one of these NMF�s. While the oil and fat components of skin prevent evaporation and provide lubrication to the surface of skin, it is actually the intercellular matrix, along with the skin�s lipid content, that gives skin a good deal of its surface texture and feel. The intercellular matrix is the skin�s first line of defense against water loss. When the lipid and NMF content of skin is reduced, we experience surface roughness, flaking, fine lines, and a tight, uncomfortable feeling. The longer the skin�s surface layer (stratum corneum) is impaired, the less effective the skin�s intercellular matrix becomes (Sources: Skin Research and Technology, August 2000, pages 128�134; and Dermatologic Therapy, 2004, volume 17, Supplement 1, pages 43�48). Moreover, the skin�s healing process is impaired.

NMFs make up an expansive group of ingredients that include amino acids, ceramides, hyaluronic acid, cholesterol, fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, glycosphingolipids, urea, linoleic acid, glycosaminoglycans, glycerin, mucopolysaccharide, and sodium PCA (pyrrolidone carboxylic acid). Ingredients that mimic the lipid content of skin include apricot oil, canola oil, coconut oil, corn oil, jojoba oil, jojoba wax, lanolin, lecithin, olive oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, shea butter, soybean oil, squalane, and sweet almond oil, all of which can be extremely helpful in making dry skin look and feel better. All of the skin�s supporting NMFs and lipids are present in the intercellular structure of the epidermis, both between skin cells and in the lipid content on the surface of skin. When any of these ingredients are included in skin-care products, they appear to help stabilize and maintain this complex intercellular-skin matrix. More important, all of these ingredients, and many more, help support the intercellular area of the skin by keeping it intact. This support helps prevent surface irritation from penetrating deeper into the skin, helps keep bacteria out, and aids the skin�s immune/healing system. Using moisturizers of any kind that contain NMFs (whether they are labeled as anti-aging, anti-wrinkle, serums, lotions, or sunscreens) allows your skin to do its job of repairing and regenerating itself without the impedances brought on when skin is suffering from dryness, environmental distress, or excess irritation (Sources: Clinical Geriatric Medicine, February 2002, pages 103�120; Progressive Lipid Research, January 2003, pages 1�36; Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, November 2002, pages 587�594; Contact Dermatitis, June 2002, pages 331�338; Journal of Investigative Dermatology, May 1996, pages 1096�1101; British Journal of Dermatology, November 1995, pages 679�685; Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, September�October 2004, pages 207�213; Free Radical Research, April 2002, pages 471�477; and Journal of Lipid Research, May 2002, pages 794�804).

Jojoba Oil-Simmondsia Chinensis- Emollient; moisturizer. Very high natural content of Vitamin E. Extremely skin nourishing. Lasts longer in natural state than most oils. Has been credited with skin healing. Provides rapid absorption. Non comedogenic. Mimics skinc natural sebum for superior uptake and absorption.

Juniper (Juniperus spp.,)- Anodyne, anti-fungal, anti-rheumatic, urinary antiseptic, anti-spasmodic, aromatic, astringent, carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue, lithotriptic, parasiticide, stimulant, stomachic, digestive, tonic. Juniper berries have a long historical use as a diuretic, and in ancient Europe were believed to ward off the plague by way of their scent. The Native Americans used Juniper to treat various wounds, cure illnesses, relieve arthritis and prevent infection. Due to Junipers antiseptic qualities, is very helpful for conditions such as cystitis. Juniper berries improve digestion and strengthen weak stomachs, dissolves kidney stones and prostate sediment, helps to relieve water retention, cleanses the blood, works to heal insulin deficiency, and promotes the flow of urine. Juniper berries are used in baths to sooth aching muscles, and the oil is used in soaps, massage and bath oils and liniments.

Kaolin- Absorption base; anti-caking; from earth clays. Is a mixture of various aluminum silicates. Has absorption abilities for both water and oil.

Kelp-Macrocystis Pyrifera- Botanical. Sea Kelp is full of trace minerals from the sea. Nutritive value to skin. Has been used in Asia for soothing burns and rashes. Stimulating, revitalizing, and nourishing to the skin due to its sulfur amino acid and iodine content. Kelp has anti-inflammatory and disinfectant properties. When harvested correctly it is full of natural vitamins, minerals and enzymes.

Khella (Ammi visnaga)- Relaxant, antispasmodic. Khella relaxes the smooth muscles of the body and relieves spasms of the gallbladder, bile duct and urinary bladder. It aids in the elimination of urinary stones, prevents asthma attacks, relieves menstrual cramps, and has also been used as a means of contraception. The effectiveness of Khella at relieving symptoms of angina has been well-documented since the 1940s, and Ammi majus is cultivated in India for the treatment of blotchy skin.

Kokum Butter-Garcinia Indica- Emollient; moisturizer. Kokum butter is obtained from the fruit of the Indian tree. The butter is extracted from the fruit kernels. Moisturizes skin and helps reduce wrinkles. Reduces degeneration of the skin cells and restores flexibility.

Kola Nut (Cola acuminata, Cola nitida)- Stimulant, diuretic, cardiac tonic, anti-depressive, astringent. The Kola Nut is a well known stimulant; its active ingredient is caffeine. It is used for treating both depression and fatigue, but it is worth noting that its effects on these conditions are purely symptomatic. Apart from being used as a stimulant, it is also used for its taste and color in soft drinks.

Kukui Nut oil-Aleurites Molaccana- Kukui Nut Oil has been used for many years in Hawaii , and has only recently become known to the rest of the world. It is prized for its rejuvenating and soothing effects upon the skin, without leaving a greasy or oily film. Pressed from the seeds of the Aleurites moluccana tree, Kukui Nut Oil is invaluable for many different skin conditions, providing moisture and nourishment to dry, mature, and damaged skin. The Kukui Nut tree was first brought to Hawaii by early Polynesian settlers. It quickly adapted, and is now Hawaii �s official state tree. Kukui means �enlightenment� in Hawaiian. Traditionally, babies in Hawaii were anointed with Kukui Nut Oil to protect their skin from the sun, salt, and other elements. In addition, it was used on skin irritations, wounds, and burns. Kukui Nut Oil was also used to massage members of royalty, who were sometimes massaged for seven or more hours with this oil! Kukui Nut Oil is a fabulous moisturizer, and quickly penetrates the skin leaving a silky-smooth non-greasy feeling. It is often used for dry or damaged skin, immediately relieving symptoms because of its quick absorption into the skin. It can leave even the roughest and driest skin feeling smooth, soft, and hydrated. Kukui Nut Oil contains Vitamins A, C, and E, providing anti-oxidants that help to protect the skin. This unique oil is able to penetrate into the deepest skin layers, while creating a protective shield that locks in moisture. Kukui Nut Oil is great for those with sensitive skin, and is a wonderful ingredient to add to your bodycare products. Specifically, it is beneficial for the following conditions: Burns � including: sunburn, windburn, radiation burns, and heat induced burns. o Eczema o Chapped skin o Psoriasis o Mature and prematurely aged skin o Dry skin conditions o Acne o Scars o Lesions o Dry hair and scalp Kukui Nut Oil is an excellent oil to add to your bodycare products, especially your creams, lotions, and massage oils. Simply add Kukui Nut Oil once that your product no longer needs to be heated, and do not expose it to high temperatures. You can also use it for an oil treatment on dry hair and scalp, or add a few drops to your bath water for a luxurious treat.

Emollient; moisturizer; vegetable oil. Prized as a very emollient oil from Polynesia. Hawaiians used it to soothe burns, cuts and to protect skin from irritations. Has shown some effectiveness in soothing psoriasis and eczema as it does not leave an oily after residue. High linoleic and linolenic acid content.

Lavender (Lavandula vera, Lavandula officinalis)- Aromatic, carminative, nervine, antiseptic. When applied externally, Lavender oil stimulates sore and exhausted muscles, and soothes sprains, strains and stiff joints. It also stimulates hair growth, especially when combined with Basil oil. It is a restorative and tonic for faintness, weakness, giddiness, spasms, colic and vertigo. It relieves melancholy, helps with memory, fatigue, toothache, rheumatism and neuralgia. Lavender is an antiseptic and helps to heal and treat pimples, wounds, and sores. It also relieves inflammation, helps with loss of voice when used as a gargle, cleanses the skin and reduces oiliness in hair.

Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)- Diaphoretic, calmative, antispasmodic, carminative, emmenagogue, stomachic. Lemon Balm is primarily used to treat flavors. Due to its gentleness and pleasant flavor, it is a suitable herb for those who have a hard time with the bitterness of other herbs. Lemon Balm can also be used for an upset stomach and gas, as well as nervous tension and depression. More recently it has been found that Lemon Balm is very effective in relieving symptoms of the herpes simplex virus.

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)- Adaptogen, alterative, anti-inflammatory, aperient, aphrodisiac, demulcent, diuretic, emollient, expectorant, hormonal-adrenal, hypertensive, laxative (mild), pectoral, sialagogue, stimulant (mild), tonic-glandular, sugar substitute. Alexander the Great supplied his troops with licorice sticks to chew in battle to alleviate their thirst and keep their energy up, helping them to win the battle. Licorice is anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, normalizes ovulation, stimulates the production of interferon, soothes sore throats, and stimulates and sustains adrenal functions. Licorice root helps the body handle stress, raises blood sugar levels to �normal�, brings up phlegm, and soothes the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract.

Linden (Tilia platyphyllos)- Nervine, hypotensive, calming tonic. Linden flowers have been described as the perfect at-home remedy for influenzas, colds, headaches and menstrual discomfort. It has a pleasant aroma and taste, and is used as a popular herbal beverage in Europe second only to Chamomile, and has been shown to be ten times more effective at treating influenza than conventional methods.

Lobelia (Lobelia inflata)- Analgesic, anodyne, anti-spasmodic, astringent, cathartic, counter-irritant, decongestant, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, emmenagogue, expectorant, nervine, sedative. Lobelia is used medically in the treatment of bronchitis and asthma, and is an important ingredient in anti-smoking preparations. It is an appetite suppressant, flushes poisons from the stomach and bowels, has been used as a muscle relaxant during childbirth, heals abscesses, removes congestion from the blood vessels, and is a nervous system relaxant. Lobelia is also very soothing for inflammations, boils and rheumatism.

Lomatium (Lomatium dissectum)- Anti-viral, anti-bacterial. Lomatium is used in herbal medicine for upper respiratory infections such as tuberculosis. It is a power anti-viral and can be used to treat herpes simplex, colds, hepatitis-c, influenza, AIDS, chronic fatigue and pneumonia. This herb has a historical use of the Native American Indians in the Pacific Northwest and Nevada, where it grows wildly. They too used it as an anti-viral/ anti-bacterial medicine, as well as for food.

Macadamia nut oil-Macadamia Ternifolia- This fine oil comes from the pressed nuts of the Macadamia tree. It is a priceless delight for the skin and has proven itself to be one of the best regenerative oils available. It is high in monounsaturated fatty acids, and closely resembles sebum (the oil naturally produced by ones skin to help protect it). Macadamia oil is a fabulous, protective oil with a high absorption rate and has been successfully used as a healing oil for scars, sunburns, minor wounds and other irritations. Emollient; moisturizer; vegetable oil. A highly volatile yet wonderfully moisturizing oil. Its fatty acid composition is similar to a fatty acid of sebum. Beneficial to dry skin, and has a non-greasy after-feel. The oil is derived from the nuts of the macadamia tree (closely related to hazelnut). Contains triglycerides and palmitoleic properties.

Magnesium Aluminum Silicate- Powdery, dry-feeling, white solid that is used as a thickening agent and powder in cosmetics.

Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate- Vitamin C- Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate (MAP) is a vitamin C derivative that has better stability than absorbic acid. In DIY skin care MAP is often used for: UV protection and repair, collagen production, skin lightening and brightening, and as an anti-inflammatory. It is also a potent antioxidant.

Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate is a water soluble vitamin C derivative (L-Ascorbic acid mono-dihydrogen phosphate magnesium salt) with superior percutaneous absorption and stability. MAP is an excellent non-irritating skin whitening agent that inhibits skin cells to produce melanin and lightens age spots. Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate is a potent anti-oxidant (protects skin from oxidation incl. UV rays) and it inhibits lipid-peroxidation. Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate is an anti-inflammatory and it promotes collagen synthesis. MAP does not degrade in formulas containing water. Skin-lightening products have become more popular around the world. With the increased number of lightening, whitening and brightening products, questions have arisen as to the safety of some skin-bleaching ingredients. The US Food and Drug Administration has proposed a ban on over-the-counter sales of cosmetic products containing hydroquinone. The interest in lightening products remains strong, which means that there is a need for other ingredients that achieve the same lightening results. One emerging product in this realm is magnesium ascorbyl phosphate. Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is a water-soluble derivative of vitamin C, known to show some evidence of skin lightening abilities. The Mintel Global New Products Database (GNPD) and its Cosmetic Research product-tracking extension both show rapidly increasing numbers of new products featuring magnesium ascorbyl phosphate.

Marshmallow (Althaea afficinalis)- Astringent, absorbent-soothing, demulcent, diuretic, emollient, galactagogue, laxative, lithotriptic, mucilant, nutritive, tonic, vulnerary. The word �althaea� is derived from Greek and means �to cure�. Hypocrites used Marshmallow as a wound healer. When used as a poultice, it is extremely effective at pulling out poisons or anything else embedded in a wound, as well as shortening the healing time. Marshmallow is very soothing for any sore or inflamed spot on the body, is soothing to the lungs, digestive tract and bowels, enriches the milk of nursing mothers, and promotes healthy intestinal flora. It eases the passing of kidney stones, and is used externally for varicose veins, dermatitis and skin abscesses. When eaten, the non-absorbable polysaccharides coat the mucous membranes of the digestive tract and absorb toxins. Marshmallow is an anti-irritant, and scientific evidence shows that one pound of Marshmallow contains 286,000 units of vitamin A, making it ideal for the skin and other tissues.

Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria, Spiraea ulmaria)- Aromatic, diaphoretic, astringent (mild). Meadow sweet is useful in the treatment of skin blemishes. It cures skin eruptions and helps rheumatism when used in a massage oil. Meadowsweet is the herb that aspirin comes from. It is a good anti-inflammatory, and is a traditional remedy for an overly acidic stomach. It is useful in helping with child diarrhea, controlling fevers and inducing sweats.

Meadowfoam Seed Oil- Limnanthes Alba- Meadowfoam Oil is pressed from the seeds of Meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba), a plant which received its name because of its resemblance while in bloom to the white foam blowing on the ocean. Meadowfoam is native to northern California, southern Oregon, Vancouver Island, and British Columbia. It has proven to be invaluable in the body care and cosmetic industries, and is also being studied for pharmaceutical and industrial use. Meadowfoam oil contains over 98% long-chain fatty acids, and also has higher quality triglyceride levels when compared to other vegetable oils. In addition, it has three long chain fatty acids that were previously unknown before its discovery. It also has amazing moisturizing and rejuvenating capabilities, is very stable, and may be utilized for many different purposes. We highly recommend incorporating Meadowfoam oil in your natural body care recipes because of its outstanding qualities. It is widely used in cosmetic and hair care products because it is moisturizing, extremely stable, and capable of adhering and staying on the skin. In addition, Meadowfoam oil is one of the most stable oils, and will actually extend the shelf life of less stable ingredients. When applied to the skin, it forms a moisture barrier and will assist the skin with preventing moisture loss. It is a key ingredient in many different products such as massage oils and lotions, facial creams, sun block, hair and scalp products, cosmetics, body lotions, and shaving creams. In hair care products, it will add shine and moisture to the hair, and will remedy dry or damaged hair. When added to lotions and lip balms, it will remoisturize dry or cracked lips and skin, and will make balms last longer. In summary, Meadowfoam oil has these beneficial characteristics: o Moisturizes the skin o Rejuvenates and adds shine to hair o Ultra-violet protection (sunscreen applications) o Non-greasy feeling, soaks into the skin easily o Reduces wrinkles and signs of aging o Blends well with other carrier oils o Very stable, even under heat and air exposure o Adheres well to the skin o Binder, helps products retain their scent longer o Stability extends product shelf life when combined with less stable ingredients Aside from these amazing cosmetic uses, Meadowfoam oil is also beneficial for our environment! It was first developed in the 1970�s, and was introduced as an alternative to sperm whale oil in order to protect the species. The pressed seeds are fed to cattle and other livestock, and are a source of nutrients for these animals. While grown in the field, birds, insects, mice, and other critters, also eat the nutritious seeds. The Meadowfoam plants themselves are a renewable crop, and are usually grown as a rotation crop for grass seed farmers. This eliminates the need to burn the fields in between grass seed plantings, and also provides farmers with additional income. Meadowfoam also requires less fertilizer and pesticides than most crops, assisting farmers and the environment. Scientists at Oregon State University and the US Department of Agriculture, as well as other scientists, are all currently studying Meadowfoam oil, in order to discover new applications for this versatile oil.

Menthol-Laevo Menthol- Cooling agent; flavor. Penetrating and cooling sensation. Derived from peppermint.

Methylisothiazolinone- Used in cosmetics as a broad spectrum preservative. It is typically used at 0.1%.

Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum)- Cholagogue, demulcent, galactagogue, hepatic, nervine, stimulant, tonic. The Greek herbalist Dioscorides used Milk Thistle in the case of poisonous snake bites. This herb is most useful for the liver, and actually re-grows liver tissue. It is an anti-oxidant and free radical scavenger, and increases membrane strength while decreasing membrane permeability. Along with the liver, Milk Thistle has also been shown to protect and heal the brain and kidneys. This herb stops the toxicity of the Amanita Muscaria mushroom. Milk Thistle accelerates protein synthesis in the liver, stimulates the production of SOD, is beneficial to those with psoriasis, keeps the blood and vascular system clean, soothes inflamed tissue, blocks allergic and inflammatory responses, and increases immune response.

Mistletoe (Viscum flavescens)- Anti-spasmodic, cardiac depressant, diuretic, emetic, emmenagogue, hypotensive, nervine, sedative, stimulant, tonic. Mistletoe has historically been used for epilepsy, nervous disorders, spasms, apoplexy, giddiness, as a digestive aid, heart tonic, and to stimulate glandular activity. It is helpful with headaches and dizziness, stimulates heartbeat, suppresses heart �flutters�, and soothes the nerves. Mistletoe is a folk remedy for cancer, and recent research indicates that it may be useful in tumor therapy. This herb also can be used to induce uterine contractions, and to tone and sooth the nervous system.

MSM-Methylsulfonylmethane- Methylsulfonylmethane has been present in the oceans, soil, and atmosphere of the Earth for eons. Organic sulfur (MSM) occurs naturally in the human body. It actually makes up 5% of the human body and is essential for every organ, cell, tissue, hormone, enzyme, antibody, and function found in the body. This whole food is a beautifying mineral, and contributes to hair, skin, nail, and joint renewal and health. Bio-available, MSM must be continually replenished for optimal youth, nutrition and health. A wonderful additive to have in EVERY product.

Micro Crystallized Water- This water technology organizes the water molecules into highly structured crystalline forms that are able to penetrate fully into cells for total hydration. Most water is so disorganized from being treated with harsh chemicals, having been stored without movement, and being pushed through pipes that the molecules are far too large to penetrate into the cells of our bodies. Thus we take in water but do not actually rehydrate. Water naturally moves in a spiral and this is what keeps it structured and organized and able to hold infinite amounts of information. Our technology structures the water- powerful magnetic and infrared sources reduce the size of individual water clusters, creating Hexagonal Water for more efficient and rapid penetration into the cells of your body. Increases the oxygen- . turbulent forces create a powerful and visible vortex, increasing the amount of oxygen in your drinking water up to 30%. Additional oxygen enters the cells by way of the water molecule itself. - and adds unique bio-available minerals- . a unique mineral core, comprised of tourmaline, coral calcium, zinc, lithium and others contribute to the structuring of water. The water is purified by commercial grade reverse osmosis processes beforehand, to remove �structure breaking� minerals/ions such as chlorine, chlorides, potassium, magnesium, aluminum, etc.).A select set of ionic minerals are known to enhance the construction of hexagonal water. These minerals occur in very small amounts and help �organize� the water molecules into tightly packed arrangements which serve to protect and enhance cellular health. Commonly occurring minerals can be grouped into �structure making� or �structure breaking� categories as listed below. In order to ensure that the final product has the correct mineral �balance�, the water is first purified by high quality reverse osmosis system; the minerals are then combined in the vortexial water movement in the lab. Calcium, sodium, zinc, iron, silver, copper and others help to convert water into hexagonal water while potassium, chloride, fluoride, aluminum, sulfide and others destroy the hexagonal structuring of water. The process is similar to erasing unwanted information from a computer disc before placing new information on the disc.

Mineral Salts- Magnesium Sulfate- Magnesium performs more functions in more systems of the human body than virtually any other mineral, including regulating the activity of more than 325 enzymes. Studies show that magnesium is: o an electrolyte, helping to ensure proper muscle, nerve and enzyme function. o Critical to the proper use of calcium in cells. o An aid in helping to prevent heart disease and strokes by lowering blood pressure, protecting the elasticity of arteries, preventing blood clots and reducing the risk of sudden heart attack deaths. Medical research also indicates that magnesium may: � Increase the effectiveness of insulin, helping to lower the risk or severity of diabetes. � Reduce inflammation and relieves pain, making it a beneficial in the treatment of sore muscles, bronchial asthma, migraine headaches and fibromyalgia. Although magnesium can be absorbed through the digestive tract, many foods, drugs and medical conditions can interfere with the effectiveness of this deliver method. Therefore, soaking in an Magnesium Sulfate Salt bath is one of the most effective means of making the magnesium your body needs readily available. Epsom Salt also delivers sulfates, which medical research indicates are needed for the formation of brain tissue, joint proteins and the mucin proteins that line the walls of the digestive tract. Studies show that sulfates also stimulate the pancreas to generate digestive enzymes and help to detoxify the body�s residue of medicines and environmental contaminants. Studies indicate that sulfates are difficult to absorb from food, but are readily absorbed through the skin. Studies show these benefits from the major components of Epsom Salt may: � Ease stress and improves sleep and concentration � Help muscles and nerves function properly � Regulate activity of 325+ enzymes � Help prevent artery hardening and blood clots � Make insulin more effective � Reduce inflammation to relieve pain and muscle cramps � Improve oxygen use � Flush toxins � Improve absorption of nutrients � Help form joint proteins, brain tissue and mucin proteins � Help prevent or ease migraine headaches

Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca)- Emmenagogue, cardiac tonic, antispasmodic, nervine, diuretic, carminative. Motherwort promotes blood circulation and is useful for suppressed menstruation and other female problems. It helps to dissolve blood clots, remove arteriosclerosis, and symptoms of heart dysfunction. Motherwort is a good herb for treating various nervous disorders, hysteria, insomnia and convulsions. The ancient Chinese used it on a daily basis to prevent pregnancy and to prevent venereal disease.

Muira Puama (Dulaciainopiflora, Liriosma ovata)- Stimulant, aphrodisiac. Muira Puama is an aphrodisiac, and can be used for treating impotence in both men and women. It is also useful in treating diarrhea, and in Brazil, Muira Puama is used to prevent baldness, muscular weakness, fatigue and sexual debility.

Mullein (Verbascum thapsus)- Anodyne, anti-spasmodic, anti-tussive, astringent, demulcent, diuretic, emollient, expectorant, vulnerary. The main use of Mullein is to treat lung disease, coughs, consumption and hemorrhage of the respiratory organs. Mullein is a pain reliever, and during the Civil War was used by the Confederates to treat respiratory problems in the absence of conventional medical supplies. It soothes inflamed nerves and inflammation in general, clears the lungs in the case of congestion, is an anti-spasmodic, and is effective for a wide range of swollen membrane conditions. Mullein relieves swollen joints, calms the nerves, moves excess mucous out of the body, is excellent for treating earaches when its oil is employed, and has been used for centuries as a treatment for tuberculosis.

Myrrh (Balsamodendrom myrrha, Commiphora myrrha, C. molmol)- Alterative, antibiotic, anti-catarrh, antiseptic, anti-spasmodic, astringent, cardiac, carminative, disinfectant, emmenagogue, expectorant, stimulant, tonic, vulnerary. Myrrh has been of value since over two-thousand years before Christ. It stimulates the body to discharge mucous, making it useful in chest afflictions. It also causes the body to increase white blood corpuscles, making it an effective antibiotic and disinfectant. Myrrh has often been applied to the umbilical cord after birth in order to promote healing. It is good for bathing open sores, increasing blood flow to the capillaries, lowering blood sugar, and improving chronic sinus problems. Myrrh removes bad breath and can be used topically for mouth sores, irritated gums, canker sores and pyorrhea. Myrrh can be used as an ear oil and makes a good healing antiseptic salve. It treats hemorrhoids, bedsores, wounds, vaginal infections and dysentery. It also destroys putrefaction in the intestines and prevents the blood from absorbing toxins. Myrrh has a wonderful deep, sweet aroma that has been valued for centuries, and is used in perfumes, lotions and oils.

Nettle (Urtica dioica)- Alterative, anti-septic, astringent, diuretic, expectorant, galactagogue, hemostatic, nutritive, tonic. The use of the stinging nettle plant for textile use goes back to the Bronze Age. Victims of gout and rheumatism in Scotland would allow themselves to be stung with Nettle; they believed it would alleviate their suffering. Nettle relieves gout and arthritis by neutralizing uric acid, preventing its crystallization and aiding its elimination from the system. It helps to stop bleeding, is alkalizing, helps with anemia, aids w\in the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery, and purifies the blood. Nettle is high in silicon, iron and potassium, and is good for treating inflammatory skin conditions. It is an excellent remedy for dandruff, brings back natural hair color, helps to reduce a heavy menses flow, cleanses the digestive tract, and can be used as a tincture to help with hypothyroidism. Nettle has also been used to alleviate allergic symptoms such as teary eyes and a runny nose.

Niacinamide (B3)Topical application of Niacinamide (B3) has been shown to increase Ceramide and free fatty acid levels in skin and to prevent skin from losing water content. It will decrease itching, inflammation, help acne affected skin, decrease oiliness, alleviate atopic dermatitis, decrease UV-induced skin cancers and help decrease facial pigmentation.

Noni-Morinda Citrifolia (Polynesian Noni)- Hawaiians swear by this ingredient that comes from a green fruit. They have been using it to eat, drink, and used as a part of healing ointments for years. Pungent; amber in color. Used for healing cuts and bruises by the Polynesians. Full of bioflavonoids, plant sterols and beneficial alkaloids and phytonutrients.

Oat Bran-Avena Sativa- Absorbent; emollient; soother; anti-irritant.

Oat Seed (Avena sativa)- Anti-depressant, antispasmodic, demulcent, nervine, nutritive, stimulant, tonic. Oats are a very soothing herb to use in the case of skin irritations. When used in a bath it treats itchy skin, rashes and insect bites. Oats have been used in facial and body scrubs, soaps and lotions for years, and have been proven to help heal acne. Recently, oats have been found to help increase sexual vitality. This herb is a mood elevator, lowers cholesterol, increases soundness of the body, helps with menopause and symptoms of drug withdrawal

Ocean Mineral Complex- A consciously harvested, highly effective liquid complex that epitomizes Innovative Natural Science. A truly unique, proprietary concentrate of over 92 ocean minerals in a highly stable, bio-available compound base of all natural materials. Ocean Mineral Complex is the answer to tired and compromised skin structure and integrity, and will breath new life into the same old skin care regime. Ocean minerals and trace elements are called cofactors, meaning they activate enzymes necessary for proper cellular function. This is the equivalent of placing the key into the ignition of the car. Thalassotherapy is a very old regime which incorporates a variety of treatments where one is bathed, showered, wrapped, rubbed, or scrubbed with sea water or seaweed to prevent or cure various conditions and to provide vitality and replenishment for the skin and body. Painted Earth has taken this age old wisdom and refined it into a modern, cutting edge youthening and replenishing bioactive concentrate Seawater is very similar in composition to human plasma and is readily accepted into the human body. Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfate, phosphorus, copper, infinite ions as well as trace minerals are some of the essential nutrients found in our ocean mineral complex. The re-mineralizing and restorative properties of the ocean are captured here in a potent concentrate which can be worked into any cutting edge proprietary formulation. As our soil and its bounty continue to be de-mineralized and depleted of essential nutrients and trace elements, our Ocean Mineral Complex will provide a substantial boost not only to the anti-ageing program of its users, but also a boost to their health. This is something that we can all feel good about.

Octinoxate- UVA/UVB SPF factor for higher sun protection.

Octyl Palmitate- Palm Oil- Used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and emollient.

Oleic Acid- Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid found naturally in many plant sources. It is an omega-nine fatty acid, and considered one of the healthier sources of fat in the diet. It�s commonly used as a replacement for animal fat sources that are high in saturated fats. You may find various butter and egg substitutes made with high levels of oleic acid. Oleic Acid has been shown to slow the development of heart disease, and promotes the production of antioxidants . One of the chief sources of oleic acid in foods is olive oil .It is often used to make soap and is present in a number of cosmetics. As a cosmetic ingredient, oleic oil seems to be a great moisturizer . In fact most cosmetic companies owe their inspiration to men and women who used oleic acid in natural forms to moisturize the skin � using olive oil on the skin has been a common practice in Italy and Greece for centuries.

Olive (Olea europa)- Nutritive, emollient, mild aperient, astringent, antiseptic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory. Olive oil has been used for centuries as a beauty tonic for the skin, hair and nails. Olive helps counteract dandruff, moisturizes dry skin, counteracts and prevents stretch marks, is excellent in soaps, and when taken internally acts as a mild laxative. Also, olive leaves have been used for fevers, high blood pressure and nervous tension.

Olive Oil-Olea Europaea- Olive oil is by far the most universal oils used for a multitude of purposes including cosmetics, as a carrier oil, for hair care solutions, and in cooking. It has a rich, full bodied flavor with a strong aroma and is golden brown in color. Has a great conditioning effect in body care recipes and can be used in almost all applications because of its stable nature. The line of Olive oil offered by Painted Earth is 100% pure cold pressed and extra virgin from the highest quality Tunisian Olives with no other oils added to it. A great light barrier oil rich in Polyphenols and antioxidants. Soothes and hydrates skin. High in polyphenols which are powerful antioxidants and nutrient rich. Long lasting, stable oil. Used often to help soothe burns and scrapes, in an extra pure form called �Sweet Oil.�

Olive Seeds- Olea Europaea- a wonderful botanical exfoliant for scrubs and washes. Gentle and clean.

Orange Peel Tincture-Citrus Aurantium Dulcis- Anti-inflammatory; antibacterial; antiseptic. Contains properties considered to be toning and antiseptic. Also some anti-fungal properties present.

Oregano (Origanum vulgare)- Antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, cholagogue, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, stimulant, stomachic, tonic (mild). Oregano is most widely used for its flavor in various culinary dishes. However, it can also be used to treat colds, influenza, mild fevers, indigestion, upset stomach and menstrual cramps. Used topically, Oregano is one of the best herbal antiseptics available. It is a very mild painkiller, can be used to soothe sore and aching muscles, and helps one with an itchy scalp if rubbed into the head daily.

Oregano Oil-Rhus Coriaria- This is claimed to be an antioxidant, with properties to assist in inhibition of bacterial growth and inhibiting the growth of fungi. Assists with decreasing inflammation as a detoxifier.

Organic Herbal Infusion- Painted Earth has implemented a particular menu of key ingredients that will be found in almost every formulation coming out of our line of products.

Organic Aloe Vera. The Egyptians revered this succulent, and Cleopatra mashed up the gel of this plant onto her infamously beautiful face every day. This is a substance of perpetual youth and rapid healing. Naturally occurring MSM in the aloe vera leaf lends to this plants rejuvenating properties. Natural plant steroids and salicylic acid are delivered in the gel of aloe vera, and skin is youthened and nourished, as well as soothed in the summer heat. Great for sun burns, toning, shrinking of pores, and a great source of silicon for the skin to recreate itself in the most beautiful manner possible

Organic Gotu Kola- . In ancient China, Gotu Kola was the principle ingredient in a famous elixir called Fo Ti Tieng, a brew that had an astounding reputation as �Fountain of Youth�. Gotu Kola works specifically to stimulate the production of collagen in the skin, as well as the manufacture of new skin cells. This translates into beautiful renewed, supple skin. Gotu Kola greatly enhances the integrity and vascularization of connective tissue and skin, hastens wound healing, improves elasticity and rejuvenates blood vessels for improved circulation to the skin.

Organic Horsetail. Named for its resemblance to the tassle on a mare�s nether parts, there is no other source of silica more concentrated than Horsetail. Why do we care about silica? Not only is silica a major building block for hair, skin, and nails, but Silica is the age old secret to beauty. Hair, nails, and skin all thrive on silica, drinking it up like water in a desert. The mineral silicon possesses many hidden properties, one of which is its ability to be transformed into calcium. Silicon is a �conscious� mineral. It seems to posses a form of intelligence. That is why all of our computers are coming from �The Silicon valley� and are based on silicon technology. This is also why crystals and crystal healing are so popular- .crystals are made of silicon. It is also why silicon possesses such healing and beautifying properties. Many believe that the application of this mineral has a tendency to manifest a more refined and perfected physical appearance. The skin knows exactly how to use silica to make itself the best that it can be.

Organic Geranium - Having been used for centuries in topical skin care applications, this elegant flower packs a beautiful punch. It�s forte lies in it�s incessant regeneration of skin tissue. Proving to be excellent for rebuilding scarred, damaged, and broken down skin cells, Geranium is prolific in renewing even severely burned skin without leaving any discoloration or scarring behind. Distilled from the fragrant leaves of the rose geranium (not the common geranium found in many windowsills), geranium effectively balances hormones, treats acne, inflammation, wounds, and WRINKLES.

Organic Dandelion- .. Considered by most to be a pesky weed, Painted Earth is here to set the record straight and raise Dandelion up to its well deserved glory. As a wild plant that has not been cultivated like most others, dandelion retains its high mineral content, and passes this onto us in a highly bioavailable form. Having originated in Greece, it�s botanical name comes from the Greek words �disorder� and �remedy�. It has blown itself into the four corners of the world, and today is used as a thousand year old remedy for breast cancer in China, a cure for AIDS in Toaist Herbalism, and in Costa Rica is sold as a remedy for diabetes. Dandelion contains chemicals called eudesmanolides, which are found in no other herb. Other components include sterols, flavonoids, and mucilage. These are all highly revered antioxidants, preventing the degeneration of skin cells and DNA. A key to anti-ageing is preventing free radical damage. Dandelion kicks free radical booty, and is why we include it religiously in our skin care formulation menu.

Oregon Grape (Berberis aquifolium)- Alterative, anti-scorbutic, antiseptic, anti-syphilitic, blood purifier, cholagogue, depurative, hepatic, laxative, tonic. Oregon Grape is also known as �Yerba de la Sangre�, meaning �herb of the blood�. Obviously, this herb is known to be an excellent blood purifier. It is an anti-inflammatory herb, stimulates the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, stimulates digestive and liver secretions, and aids in the assimilation of nutrients. Oregon Grape has the ability to release stored iron into the bloodstream, helping to maintain a healthy supply of hemoglobin in the blood. It helps to overcome constipation, stimulates the thyroid, and is a general tonic for all the glands in the body. Oregon Grape is also known to have a direct effect on the skin. It restores ones complexion and texture, especially after a bout of sores, acne breakout or other skin disease.

Osha (Ligusticum porteri)- Native to the Rocky Mountains, Osha is a traditional Native American remedy for indigestion and upper respiratory infections. The Chinese have used a species of Osha known as Ligusticum wallichii for two-thousand years. It is employed when one wishes to sweat out a respiratory infection, to stimulate appetite, and to prevent the development of a full-blown case of the flu.

Panthenol- Vitamin B5- Panthenol is a non-irritating form of Vitamin B that is usually derived from plants. When this natural, hydrating vitamin is applied externally, it penetrates into lower skin layers, gets absorbed into your skin cells and turns into pantothenic acid (commonly known as Vitamin B5). Because panthenol is absorbed deeply into the skin, it adds essential moisture and has a desirable plumping effect. Panthenol, with its humectant-like properties, penetrates into layers beneath the surface of your skin so it can be used to treat a myriad of minor skin disorders and irritations. This natural substance is safe to use on your skin and can even be administered internally. In 1984, panthenol was included in the list of over the counter drugs published by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In 1987, the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) concluded that panthenol was safe to use in cosmetics as a humectant, emollient and moisturizer. Over the past twenty years, panthenol has been effectively used to treat sunburns, irritations, dryness and other minor skin disorders. This non-toxic vitamin has incredible absorption properties and helps to diminish wrinkles by infusing moisture into the deeper layers of your skin. In 1995, a study conducted by LH Leung also suggested panthenol as an alternative treatment for acne because it counteracts bacteria. Panthenol can be found in a variety of skin care products developed to treat dry, normal, combination and acne-prone skin. Using panthenol in your skin will help to keep it smooth by helping to maintain its natural moisture balance and counteracting surface bacteria. Panthenol reduces inflammation, soothes irritation and initiates the rebuilding of your skin. The healing properties of this vitamin have also been proven to be beneficial for stronger hair and nails. The regular use of moisturizers, toners, shampoos and conditioners that include panthenol naturally ensure a softer, more attractive appearance everyday.

Papaya Enzyme-Carica Papaya- Antioxidant. Contains a considerable amount of Papain, Folic Acid, Vitamin C, Beta Carotene, and enzymes. Some antiseptic properties.

Partridgeberry (Mitchella repens)- Partridgeberry is native to the woodlands of the United States and was often used by Native American women to prepare the body for childbirth. It helps to relieve painful menstruation by toning the uterus, enhances fertility, and calms the nerves.

Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata)- Anodyne, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, hypotensive, nervine, sedative (mild). They Mayan Indians used Passionflower to treat insomnia, hysteria, and convulsions in children. The North American Indians used Passionflower for earaches, boils and other inflammations. Passionflower is used in Italy to treat hyperactive children, and helps to vitalize the sympathetic nervous system when weakened. It improves circulation, helps with sciatica, calms the nerves, and helps to overcome alcohol abuse. Passionflower has anti-inflammatory properties, aids in helping one go to sleep, and kills bacteria that is said to cause eye irritations.

Pau D� Arco (Tabebuia heptaphylla)- Alterative, analgesic, anodyne, antibacterial, antibiotic, anti-diabetic, antidotal, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-neoplastic, antiseptic, antitumor, antiviral, astringent, bitter tonic, blood purifier, digestive, diuretic, fungicide, hypotensive, parasiticide. Pau D� Arco was valued by the ancient Incas, and is still used today among the Callaway tribe in South America. Pau D� Arco has strong antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties, and is very useful in treating conditions related to fungal overgrowth such as Candida and vaginal yeast infections. The South American Indians brought Pau D� Arco to the attention of the Portuguese with their use of it for Schistosomiasis. It is a blood purifier and is effective against skin conditions such as dermatitis, psoriasis and eczema. Pau D� Arco also builds the blood in cases of pernicious anemia and leukemia. It enhances the immune system, helps to eradicate allergies, protects the liver, discourages Herpes Simplex, and has been found to dissolve tumors. Pau D� Arco has been used to lower dependence on insulin injections, reduce aging spots on the skin, help with hypoglycemia, and to aid in the assimilation of nutrients.

PEG 100 Stearate- Also listed as PEG on ingredient labels,polyethylene glycol is an ingredient that self-proclaimed �natural� Web sites have attempted to make notoriously evil. They gain a great deal of attention by attributing horror stories to PEG, associating it with antifreeze (however, antifreeze is ethylene glycol, not polyethylene glycol), and there is no research indicating that PEG compounds pose any problem for skin. Quite the contrary: PEGs have no known skin toxicity and can be used on skin with great results (Sources: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, June 2002, pages 587�606; and Cancer Research, June 2002, pages 3138�3143). PEG is flexible and has a smooth, waxy feel. When ground up, the small particles are included in scrubs as a gentle abrasive. When mixed with glycol, it becomes a viscous liquid. In the minuscule amounts used in cosmetics, it helps keep products stable and performs functions similar to those of glycerin. It is also used internally in medical procedures to flush and clean the intestinal tract.

Peppermint (Mentha piperita)- Alterative (mild), analgesic, anodyne, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antinauseate, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, aromatic, astringent, calmative, carminative, diaphoretic, digestive, febrifuge, nervine, rubefacient, sedative, stimulant (gastric), stomachic, tonic, stimulant, sudorific. Peppermint has been noted in Chinese medical literature since 659 A.D., and the American Indians used it for bowel eliminations, fevers and colds. Peppermint oil eases gas and bloating after a meal, is a digestive aid, helps with spasms and convulsions in infants, and helps with colon related problems. It is a catalyst for other herbs, oxygenates the blood stream, and is especially useful in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Peppermint has a sweet, spicy and cooling aroma that helps to clear congestion from the sinuses and chest. Peppermint is also used in creams, soaps and lotions, and as an ingredient for cooking.

Periwinkle (Vinca major, Vinca minor)- Anti-neoplastic, astringent, hemostatic, nervine, sedative. In India, Periwinkle is used to treat wasp stings. In Hawaii it is boiled and used to stop bleeding, and in South America is made into a gargle to ease sore throats and chest ailments. Periwinkle has anti-hemorrhoid and anti-cancer properties. It helps to carry more oxygen to the brain, controls excess menstruation, colitis, diarrhea and bleeding gums, and is a good remedy for nervous disorders. It can also be used for high blood pressure and as a blood sugar-balancing agent for those with diabetes.

Pharma Kava (Piper methysticum)- Analgesic, anesthetic, anodyne, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac (female), bitter, diuretic, nervine, relaxant, sedative, stimulant, tonic. The Kava Kava plant was �discovered� by Captain Cook and given the name �intoxicating pepper�. The ancient Tahitians used it to create a �stupefying� drink. Kava is used to relieve rheumatic pain, insomnia and nervousness. It is known to be one of the most powerful herbal muscle relaxants, calms bladder infections, and treats gonorrhea and vaginitis. Pharma Kava is also a powerful analgesic, and can be applied directly to a painful wound.

Pharma Maca (Lepidium meyenii, Lepidium peruvianum)- Adaptogen, hormonal regulator, aphrodisiac. Maca root has been cultivated high up in the Andes Mountains of Peru for approximately 2,600 years. It is said that before going into battle, Incan soldiers would eat massive amounts of Maca root to cultivate fierce strength, but once a city was conquered the soldiers were prohibited from the root, due to its strong aphrodisiac qualities. Maca is known to improve conditions of anemia, chronic fatigue, depression, infertility and sterility, lack of libido, malnutrition, menopausal symptoms, menstrual discomfort and disorders, poor memory, stomach cancer, stress tension and tuberculosis. It increases ones energy and endurance, as well as oxygen content in the blood, physical strength, and neurotransmitter production.

Phenolic Acids- Phenols are found in the natural world, especially in the plant kingdom. In some cases phenols are present in plant foliage to discourage animals eating them. It has natural antiseptic properties.

Phenoxyethanol- Phenoxyethanol is a common cosmetic preservative that is considered one of the less irritating ones to use in formulations. Phenoxyethanol is an organic chemical compound , a glycol ether often used in skin care products. It is a colorless oily liquid. It is mildly soluble in water. Phenoxyethanol can be derived from flower extracts. It does not release formaldehyde. It is a weak biocide, most active against Gram-negative bacteria. It is typically used at 0.1%. Pheromone Products-Male and female pheromones can be used in a wide range of products.

p-Hydroxy Benzoic Acid- A preservative that occurs in nature in cherry bark, raspberries, tea, anise, and cassia bark. First described in 1608 when it was found in gum benzoin. Used in chocolate, lemon, orange, cherry, fruit, nut, and tobacco flavorings. It is also used in antifungal ingredients in cosmetics such as hair rinses, cleansers, and moisturizers.

Plantain (Plantago spp.,)- Alterative, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antisyphilitic, anti-venomous, aperient, astringent(mild), demulcent, deobstruent, depurant, diuretic, emollient, expectorant, mucilant, parasiticide, refrigerant, styptic, vulnerary. The Navahos referred to Plantain as �Life Medicine�, while the Anglo-Saxons knew it as the �Mother of Herbs�. Plantain tonifies the mucous membranes, is good for topical healing, reduces phlegm, and controls cholesterol levels. Plantain has often been used as an appetite suppressant, and has been found to be an excellent treatment for poison ivy and poison oak dermatitis. Plantain was a favorite of early American physicians for treating skin problems, and is also good for snake bites, hemorrhoids, and chronic bronchitis. Plantain contains tannin, which is an astringent that tightens the tissues.

Pleurisy (Asclepias tuberosa)- Anodyne, antispasmodic, carminative (mild), cathartic (large doses), diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic (large doses), expectorant, nervine (slightly sedative), stimulant, tonic. The North American Indians considered Pleurisy to be one of the best gifts given to them by the Great White Father, due to its ability to heal the lungs. Pleurisy root helps the lungs to discharge mucus, eases chest congestion, aids in painful breathing, subdues inflammation, and has a general tonic effect on the entire respiratory system.

Polyquarternium-37- An ingredient used primarily in hair-care products for its antistatic and film-forming properties. It can have water-binding properties for skin due to the sheer protective film layer it creates on skin.

Polysorbate 20- This is a non-ionic surfactant that is used to disperse and emulsify formulations. It is indispensable for oil in water emulsions, such as lotions, conditioners, and cream rinses. It�s a must have oil-dispersant in body mists and spritzers. Made from oleic acid (olive oil source) connected to a sugar (sorbitol) this compound is then ethoxylated (grain based alcohol) to make it water dispersable. Non-irritating. Used in Body Mist, Linen Sprays or Spritz�s to emulsify the water and oil together so that there is no separation. A 1:1 Polysorbate to Essential Oil blend added to your bases is generally sufficient. Occasionally you will want a bit more polysorbate to EO when you find that the blend is not staying emulsified.

Polysorbate 60- polysorbates are a large group of ingredients most often derived from lauric acid, which is derived from coconuts.

Polysorbates function as emulsifiers and also have mild surfactant properties; Some polysorbates are derived from the food ingredient sorbitol, which occurs naturally in many fruits, while others have a fatty acid component. Polysorbates are considered non-toxic and safe as used in the concentrations found in cosmetic and food products.

Pomegranate-Punica Gradatum- Botanical. Pomegranate seed oil is an extremely rich and nutritious oil, which may be used for internally or externally for its cosmetic and medicinal properties. Pomegranate seed extract and juice have been popular lately for their anti-oxidant properties, and pomegranate seed oil is proving to be even more beneficial. Not only does pomegranate seed oil contain high levels of anti-oxidants that fight free radicals and skin aging, but the oil is also a potent source of punicic and ellagic acids. Because of these properties, pomegranate seed oil is used to heal, protect, and moisturize dry, cracked, mature, and irritated skin, bring elasticity back to the skin, and for eczema and other skin problems. If pomegranate seed oil seems expensive, consider that over 200 pounds of fresh pomegranates are used to produce just one pound of pomegranate seed oil! Pomegranate seed oil is commonly used in cosmetic products to revitalize dull or mature skin, assist with wrinkles, and to soothe minor skin irritations. Without moisture, wrinkles become more abundant and pronounced, the skin looks tight and lacks luster. Pomegranate seed oil adds moisture, has natural estrogenic properties, anti-oxidants, is anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, improves skin elasticity, and protects the skin. It provides relief from minor skin irritations and inflammation, including dry skin, eczema, psoriasis and sunburned skin. The conjugated fatty acids give it strong anti-inflammatory properties, which help to reduce swelling and ease muscular aches and pains. Several recent studies, including one conducted by the University of Michigan Medical School (published in the February 2006 Journal of Ethnopharmacology), have shown that pomegranate seed oil stimulates keratinocyte proliferation, promoting regeneration and strengthening of the epidermis. This study compliments other recent studies, which have also shown the beneficial results of using pomegranate seed oil. Pomegranate seed oil is one of the only plant sources of conjugated fatty acids and it contains an abundant amount of punicic acid, a compound closely related to conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). The punicic acid found pomegranate seed oil and has been called a �super CLA� whose effect is even more potent than ordinary CLA. Scientific studies have indicated that it may support the immune system, and help the body fight against human cancers, obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Pomegranate seed oil also contains phytoestrogens, similar to the estrogens naturally produced by the human body. Many women have found that using pomegranate seed oil has helped to ease symptoms associated with menopause and perimenopause, such as mood swings, hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness and diminished libido. To relieve the symptoms of menopause, pomegranate seed oil can be used topically as a skin moisturizer, orally as a dietary supplement, as a massage oil, or as a personal lubricant. Pomegranate seed oil may be used within most skin care formulas, including soap making, massage oils, facial care products, and other bodycare and cosmetic products. Only a small amount is needed within formulas to achieve beneficial results.

Potassium Phosphate- Potassium phosphate is a generic term for the salts of potassium and phosphate ions. It keeps PH low in formulations and prevents fungal growth.

Potassium Stearate- An alkalizing ingredient used in the manufacturing of soaps, hand creams, emulsifications, conditioners, lotions, and shaving cr�mes. A safe and gentle ingredient.

PPG-1 Trideceth-6- A natural emulsifier with a rating of zero for irritation or toxicity.

Prickly Ash (Zanthoxylum americanum)- Alterative, antiseptic, antispasmodic (mild), astringent, carminative, deobstruent, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, nervine, rubefacient, sialagogue, stimulant (cardiac), tonic. In the year 1849 Prickly Ash bark was used to reverse the symptoms of a then current epidemic of Asian Cholera. Northeast American Indians used Prickly Ash as a cold and toothache remedy and expectorant. Prickly Ash aids in circulation, helps with varicose veins, skin diseases, stomach pain, rheumatism, and helps with slow-healing wounds.

Propolis- Propolis is the substance bees use to seal their hive. It has a long history of herbal and alchemical uses. Propolis is high in bioflavanoids which have powerful antifungal, antibiotic and antibacterial properties. Propolis is commonly used to help treat wounds, especially when infected. It increases membrane permeability, is anti-inflammatory, mends and strengthens blood vessels and capillaries, and is high in vitamins C, E, pro-vitamin A, and B-complex. Propolis has been shown in studies to reduce mouth ulcer outbreaks, and has been used to treat arthritis, asthma and even allergies. Propolis has also been found to effectively inhibit the life of MRSA, which is the antibiotic resistant bacterium that often threatens patients in hospitals.

Propolis-Organic Resina Propoli- Skin treatment. Bees collect a substance from the buds of trees resembling resin. They convert this resin into Propolis. This flavonoid rich substance has both anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties, working also as an anti-toxin. It is a germ resistant coating.

Propylene Glycol- Propylene Glycol is the most common moisture carrying ingredient, other than water, used in cosmetics because it moisturizes better than glycerin. It is used as a wetting agent and surfactant which gives a product better absorption and promotes spreading of the product on the skin. Propylene Glycol is an emollient. It can penetrate the outermost layer of the skin cells and carry other beneficial products deeper into the epidermis. According to the AMA�s committee on Cutaneous Health emollients do help make the skin feel softer and smoother, reduce roughness, cracking and irritation, and may retard the fine wrinkles of aging. Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate- Along with other glycols and glycerol, this is a humectant or humidifying and delivery ingredient used in cosmetics. There are Web sites and spam e-mails stating that propylene glycol really industrial antifreeze and that it is the major ingredient in brake and hydraulic fluids. These sites also state that tests show it is a strong skin irritant. They further point out that the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) on propylene glycol warns users to avoid skin contact because systemically (in the body) it can cause liver abnormalities and kidney damage. As ominous as this sounds, it is so far from the reality of cosmetic formulations that almost none of it holds any water or poses real concern. It is important to realize that the MSDS sheets are talking about 100% concentrations of a substance. Even water and salt have frightening comments regarding their safety according to their MSDSs. In cosmetics, propylene glycol is used only in the smallest amounts to keep products from melting in high heat or freezing when it is cold. It also helps active ingredients penetrate the skin. In the minute amounts used in cosmetics, it is not a concern in the least. Women are not suffering from liver problems because of propylene glycol in cosmetics. And finally, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, within the Public Health Services Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, �studies have not shown these chemicals [propylene or the other glycols as used in cosmetics] to be carcinogens� (Source: www.atsdr.cdc.gov).

Pumice- Abrasive; exfoliant; from earth/rock.

Pumpkin Seed Oil-Cucurbita Pepo- Also known as �green gold�, pumpkin seed oil is one of the most nutritious oils available. It contains Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids, Vitamins A, C, E, and Zinc. Pumpkin seed oil has a pleasant and mild flavor making it suitable for culinary applications. Because of its abundant health and epidermal benefits, we recommend incorporating this oil into your skin care and hair care.

Quebracho (Schinopsis balansae)- Tonic, febrifuge, anti-asthmatic. Although primarily used by the leather industry due to its high tannin content, Quebracho has also been used to lower blood pressure and to lower the incidence and severity of asthma attacks. It grows in South America in places such as Paraguay and Argentina, where it is also a source of timber.

Raspberry Seed Oil- Rubus Idaeus- Red Raspberry seed oil is an impressive essential fatty acid containing oil. It contains 83% essential fatty acids. Raspberry seed oil is emollient, lubricating, conditioning, a lipid barrier providing protection to the skin and provides moisture retention for the skin. This oil has natural UV absorptive properties in all three ranges beneficial for photoprotection. It contains high percentages of mixed tocopherols, tocotrienols and carotenoids. The oil maintains a mild raspberry flavor and aroma.

Red Clover (Trifolium pratense)- Alterative, antibiotic (mild), anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-fungal, antimicrobial, anti-neoplastic, antispasmodic, anti-tumor, blood purifier, depurant, diuretic, expectorant, female tonic, laxative, nutritive, sedative, stimulant (mild). Red Clover is one of the best mucus clearing herbs to be found. It is effective against all varieties of cancer, helps the system rid itself of nitrogenous waste, helps to retard the spread of infection and aids the system in cleansing. Red Clover has been used for over one-hundred years in Europe and America as an expectorant, as a sedative for whooping cough and as a diuretic for treating gout. Red Clover is good for treating boils, sores and acne. It stimulates the liver and activates the gallbladder, as well as being a slight laxative. It eases arthritic pain, helps to rid the system of uric acid, purifies the blood, strengthens weak children, and is beneficial in treating wasting diseases such as rickets.

Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)- Alterative (mild), anti-abortive, anti-emetic, antispasmodic, astringent, cardiac, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, hemostatic, laxative, oxytocic, parturient, refrigerant, stimulant, stomachic, tonic. Red Raspberry is a dream herb for pregnant women. It prevents tearing of the cervix and hemorrhages, as well as regulating uterine contractions and reducing false labor pains before the actual birth. The leaves of Red Raspberry are high in iron and enrich the colostrum found in breast milk. The Native American Indians used it as an astringent, applying an infusion of the root bark to swollen eyes. Red Raspberry can be used to dissolve tartar on the teeth, and as a reliever of children�s stomachaches, mouth sores, bleeding gums, diarrhea, dysentery, inflammation, and sore throats. Red Raspberry leaves have been effective in relieving morning sickness and menstrual cramps, clears mucus from the body, strengthens the female reproductive system, eases colic in infants, eases the process of childbirth, and is one of the richest sources of herbal manganese.

Red Root (Ceanothus americanus)- Astringent, expectorant, antispasmodic, sedative, antisyphilitic. The North American Indians used Red Root to treat fevers and problems associated with the mucous membrane. It stops sniffling associated with flu�s, colds, asthma and bronchitis. Red Root is also helpful in cases of urinary tract infection because it stops the dribbling of urine, and for someone who has a sallow, doughy complexion.

Red Wine-Vitis Vinifera- Antioxidant; carrier; emollient; moisturizer. No skin care claims yet established. This is a derivative of red wine tannins as a natural byproduct from wine production.

Rehmannia (Rehmania glutinosa)- Rehmannia root is very popular in Chinese medicine, where it is traditionally boiled in a yellow wine and black bean infusion. It is considered to be a longevity herb, and is used to treat a wide array of bodily disorders such as anemia, menopausal symptoms, bleeding, hypoglycemia, and liver, heart and kidney disorders. Rehmannia replenishes vitality in the body, and is used for cancer, premature ejaculation, urinary tract problems, injured bones, Candida, autoimmune disorders, constipation, dry mouth, night sweats, lower back pain, infertility, fatigue and high blood pressure, postpartum hemorrhage and chronic tidal fever, and lumbago and nocturnal emissions.

Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum)- Adaptogen, alterative, anti-allergenic, anti-tumor, anti-viral, nervine, relaxant, stimulant, immune tonic. Reishi is very popular in Chinese Taoist herbalism, and is known as the �Supreme Protector�. Reishi mushroom has been found to regenerate the liver, alleviate allergy symptoms, reduce blood pressure, enhance immunity and prolong lifespan. Ganoderma is very high in antioxidants, making it ideal for the prevention of aging. It strengthens the internal organs, improves conditions of viral hepatitis, protects the liver, relieves insomnia, improves circulation and helps to normalize bodily functions. Reishi helps to reduce the symptoms of stress, soothes the nerves, stimulates T-cell activity, is a powerful antioxidant, and is anti-carcinogenic and anti-bacterial in nature.

RESISTEM� is an active ingredient of vegetal origin, as it is created by the stem cells of the plant Globularia Cordifolia. It is a small mountain rock plant belonging to the Plantaginaceae family which grows at altitudes of up to 2000 m. It survives at temperatures of -30� C and thrives in poor chalky soils. It hails from the mountains of Europe and Central Asia. Bio active Ingredients:
A part of the plant that contains stem cells (the plant is not destroyed and keeps growing) is obtained and cultivated under calories restriction in aseptic conditions. This part of the plant creates large quantities of substances called " phenylethanoid glycosides" which are obtained under modern biotechnology methods, creating an ingredient which is then called RESISTEM�. These substances mimic the defensive & protective mechanisms of the plant towards external aggressive factors. While integrated into cosmetic formulas it is proven that they transfer this action to human cells as well, activating their defensive & protective mechanisms against ageing .

Rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea)- The traditional folk uses of Rhodiola root are resistance to altitude sickness, infections, anemia, erectile dysfunction, depression and gastrointestinal ailments. In Siberia, a bouquet of Rhodiola roots is often given to a couple just prior to marriage in order to ensure fertility and the birth of healthy children. Because Rhodiola is an adaptogen, it strengthens and improves upon all areas of the body. It stimulates brain function, memory and the release of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin into pathways that activate the cerebral cortex.

Rhubarb (Rheum palmatum, R. officinale)- Alterative, antibacterial, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-tumor, astringent, cathartic, diuretic, hypotensive, laxative, digestive aid (small doses), parasiticide, sialagogue, stomachic, tonic, vulnerary. Rhubarb was first imported to Europe to be used as a laxative. When taken in small does, Rhubarb is an effective blood builder and cleanser. It encourages bile flow, improves appetite, and is both an astringent in cases of diarrhea and a laxative in cases of constipation. Rhubarb tones and tightens bodily tissues, prevents and eliminates hemorrhoids, encourages the healing process of duodenal ulcers, enhances gallbladder function and increases salivary and gastric flow.

Rose Hip Oil-Rosa Canina- Rosehip seed oil is truly an amazing product, which has only recently become recognized by the general public. This surge in popularity is for a good reason, as it is believed to be the best oil available for anti-ageing and skin rejuvenation. Numerous scientific studies have also taken place, which have yielded astounding evidence supporting the use of Rosehip Seed oil. Rosehip seed oil is extracted from the seeds of a native rose plant which grows wild in Chile. The oil has been used by native people in Chile for centuries, and has only been validated by scientists fairly recently. The first major confirmation of its capabilities came in 1983, when the University of Santiago conducted research on 180 individuals. These tests studied people with extensive facial scarring, acne scarring, deep wrinkles, UV damage, radiation damage, burn scars, surgical scars, premature aging, dermatitis, and other skin related problems. In these tests, rosehip seed oil regenerated the skin, reduced scars and wrinkles, prevented the advancement of wrinkles and aging, and helped skin to regain its natural color and tone. Since this time, other universities and labs have also completed studies, also yielding positive results. Another well-known study in 1988 was conducted on twenty women between the ages of 25-35 with extensive premature aging to their skin. Their skin was wrinkled, and had sun spots from overexposure to the sun. After four months of applying rosehip seed oil daily, their wrinkles and sun spots had almost completely disappeared, and the skin had a fresher and healthier look. Today, rosehip seed oil is exported around the world, and is used by the medical community, as well as in fine facial and cosmetic care products. Rosehip seed oil contains Vitamin A, which helps to delay the effects of skin aging, assists with cell regeneration, and promotes collagen and elastin levels to increase. This results in firmer, smoother, and more youthful skin with greater elasticity. Rosehip seed oil also contains a high amount of essential fatty acids and Vitamin E, which further promotes healthy skin. In particular, it is rich in linoleic and linolenic acids, which are important skin nutrients. Rosehip seed oil has been used successfully to treat the following skin problems: � Stretch marks � UV damage from overexposure to the sun � Scars from surgery, burns, and acne � Eczema � Psoriasis � Wrinkles and premature skin aging � Hyper-pigmentation � Dermatitis � Burns, including those from radiation and sunburns � Age spots � Brittle nails � Dry and damaged hair Rosehip seed oil is considered a �dry� oil, meaning that it soaks into the skin easily, and does not leave a greasy residue. It is a wonderful hydrator, and penetrates dry or damaged skin immediately. This oil may be used straight from the bottle as a moisturizer, or can be incorporated into a cream, lotion, facial oil, or massage oil. Because it is so gentle, rosehip seed oil may be used undiluted on the skin, even on sensitive skin. Rosehip seed oil is a safe, inexpensive, effective, and non-invasive product for preventing and healing damaged skin.

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)- Analgesic (mild), anodyne, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, antiseptic, anti-spasmodic, aromatic, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, nervine, stimulant, stomachic, tonic. The botanical name for Rosemary means �dew of the sea�, referring to its abundance along the sea shores. The French used it in World War II in combination with Juniper berries to kill germs, and in ancient Greece it was believed that Rosemary strengthened memory. In the Middle Ages Rosemary was used in Europe to clear vision, alleviate nervous ailments, sharpen the senses and help weak memory. Today Rosemary is used in Europe and China for headaches, stomach pains, and as an anti-malarial. Rosemary stimulates capillary circulation, and is helpful for colds, sore throats, a sluggish liver, and is a good mouthwash and remedy for bleeding gums. Rosemary is used in hair rinses to help hair to darken and retain its natural color, and in shampoos to control premature balding. It is an anti-oxidant, brain stimulant, prevents hair loss, regulates menses, is an antiseptic and blood cleanser, and is a good treatment for sores around the mouth.

Rue (Ruta graveolens)- Antispasmodic, emmenagogue, stimulant, rubefacient. The Chinese use Rue for relieving rheumatic pains, sedation, to reduce swelling and to increase local circulation. It helps to relive menstrual cramps and stimulates blood flow throughout the female reproductive organs. It is used in the treatment of nervous spasms, neuralgia, trauma, cramps, and as a muscle relaxant. The oil of Rue can also be used to treat earaches in both adults and children.

Sage (Salvia officinalis)- Anti-galactagogue, Anti-pyretic, antiseptic, anti-spasmodic, aromatic, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, digestive, parasiticide, stimulant, tonic (mild), vulnerary. Sage is considered to be a memory strengthener and promoter of wisdom. It has been used to slow down the secretion of fluids to reduce excess sweating. Sage is known to be useful for nervousness, trembling, depression, and is used in some communities to dry up breast milk. It is a natural deodorizer, makes a good gargle for sore throats, epilepsy, sleeping problems, seasickness, dysentery, colds, and worms. The Native American Indians used Sage as a salve which was mixed with bear grease and used for healing skin sores. Sage has been used to return hair to its natural color, quiet the nerves and relieve spasms. It shrinks inflamed tissue, cleans old ulcers and sores and is a powerful anti-oxidant. Sage can be used to increase ones ability to concentrate, promotes circulation to the heart, helps weak digestion, and relives the irritated reaction one gets in response to insect bites. Sage heals sores and other skin eruptions, stops wounds from bleeding, is a useful poultice for tumors, and has even been used to cure some types of mental insanity.

Saponins- Saponins are natural detergents found in many plants, especially certain desert plants. Saponins are also present in small amounts in some foods, such as soybeans and peas. The two major commercial sources of saponins are Yucca schidigera, which grows in the arid Mexican desert country of Baja California, and Quillaja saponaria (soapbark tree), found in arid areas of Chile. Saponins have detergent or surfactant properties because they contain both water-soluble and fat-soluble components. Saponins are a group of natural carbohydrates, found in plants, that have considerable potential as nutraceutical agents. Saponins, from a variety of sources, have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties (Sources: Fitoterapia, July 2002, page 336; Phytotherapy Research, March 2001, pages 174�176; and Drug Metabolism and Drug Interaction, 2000, volume 17, issue 1-4, pages 211�235).

Sarsaparilla (Smilax medica, S. officinalis)- Alterative, heat clearing, anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, diaphoretic, tonic, anti-syphilitic, diuretic, hormonal, blood purifier, aromatic. Sarsaparilla is used for all kinds of skin disorders, including psoriasis. It is also useful for venereal disease, liver disorders such as jaundice, and gout. It increases libido and sexual appetite, fights several viral infections, quenches thirst, treats syphilis and reduces inflammation associated with autoimmune joint diseases such as rheumatism. Modern research is also discovering that the saponins found in the root can be used to synthesize human steroids. It is a blood-purifying herb, and is good for treating liver problems, hormonal excesses, gas, inflammation, and stimulates breathing in the case of congestion.

Sassafras (Sassafras officinalis, S. albidium)- Alterative, anti-rheumatic, aromatic, blood purifier, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, parasiticide, stimulant. Sassafras has been used for hundreds of years as a tonic for the blood. It has been found that Sassafras plants maturing in the spring contain mineral salts that thin the blood, making it easier to cope with the heat, while plants maturing in the fall contain mineral salts that thicken the blood, making it easier to deal with the cold. It has been used to treat syphilis, alcohol and tobacco addictions, poison ivy and poison oak. The root bark of Sassafras contains antiseptic properties, making it ideal for the treatment of skin wounds and sores. It helps to relieve pain brought on by inflammatory skin conditions and arthritis, was used by the Native Americans to bring down fevers, and balances hormones within the body.

Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens)- Ant-catarrhal, anti-galactagogue, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, anti-spasmodic, aphrodisiac (mild), astringent, diuretic, expectorant, hormonal, nervine, nutritive, parasiticide, sedative, stimulant, tonic. Historically, Saw Palmetto berries have been used to treat disorders related to the genito-urinary system. Saw Palmetto berries are fat soluble, and have been found through scientific research to prevent the conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone, therefore helping to preventing benign prostatic hyperplasia. Saw Palmetto stimulates appetite, improves digestion, increases assimilation, decreases ovarian and uterine irritability, and reduces inflammation, rupture and blockage of the genito-urinary system. It increases blood flow to the reproductive organs, treats male sterility and impotence, assists the thyroid, quiets the nerves, expels mucus from the body, and has been said to increase the size of the breasts of women of childbearing age.

Schizandra (Schisandra chinensis)- Adaptogen, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, astringent, bitter, expectorant, sedative, tonic (uro-genital and hepatic). Schizandra berry strengthens the tissues and helps to retain body energy. It is a popular herb in Chinese Taoist herbalism, where it is used as an adaptogen. Schizandra is youthening and helps with coughs, asthma, night sweats, prolonged diarrhea and lung weakness. It enhances endurance, increases sexual vitality, supports liver function, is high in anti-oxidants, aids the body in dealing with stress, promotes long life of each cell in the body, builds the immune system, strengthens the veins, improves vision, and protects the body against free radical damage, infections and radiation.

Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius)- Scotch Broom is native to the British Isles and Central Europe, and was historically used for broom making. It is said that witches used Scotch Broom to make their own broom sticks. It has also been used for cattle fodder, roof thatching, as a hop substitute in beer making, and as a coffee substitute. In Europe it has been used as an ingredient in aphrodisiac drinks, while the Yaqui�s of South America use it in their ceremonies.

Sesame Oil-Sesamum Indicum- Sesame oil makes a wonderful moisturizer for the skin. Distinctively sweet and nutty in aroma, it is light yellow in color. Also known as gingelly oil and til oil, Sesame oil boasts of its distinctive fragrance. Consistency wise, it is neither too thin nor too thick. Rich in Vitamin E and B complex, it is extremely beneficial for health. It also has a high content of minerals such as calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. To know about the uses and health benefits of Sesame oil, read on- Some people find the fragrance of Sesame oil a bit strong; therefore, it is usually mixed with some other base oil such as Almond oil or Grape seed oil to make its aroma lighter. Sesame oil massage works wonders in relieving tiredness of the body. It is known to possess soothing and tranquilizing properties. It also plays the role of sun blocker, thereby preventing the skin from being tanned or destroyed by the harmful Ultraviolet rays Sesame oil is known for its healing power. The presence of high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the oil is of great value in controlling high blood pressure. It makes it possible to lessen the dose of medication required to combat hypertension. It possesses Vitamin E and thus serves as a great antioxidant, which in turn helps to lower the cholesterol level. Sesame oil massage protects the skin from being victimized by problems such as Eczema, Psoriasis, and Blemishes. It has also proved to be effective in treating toothache and problem of gums. Sesame oil is an excellent emollient and is beneficial in alleviating tension and stress. It has been observed that people suffering from the problem of hypertension are usually prone to anxiety, poor circulation, nerve and bone disorders. Thus, Sesame oil application protects the body from various disorders associated with nervous system. It also keeps away the problem of insomnia and mental fatigue. Sesame oil is an energy rejuvenator, thus is the best remedy for the tired and aching body. It also helps in treating blurred vision.

Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus)- Antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, demulcent, digestive, diuretic, galactagogue, fertility enhancer. Shatavari is traditionally used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine, where it is regarded as the most important herb for female fertility; the word �Shatavari� means �a woman who has a hundred husbands�. It prevents miscarriages, regulates menstruation, and helps with menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and irritability. It is beneficial for women who are lactating, loss of libido, infertility, the circulatory, digestive and respiratory organs, bronchial infections, ulcers, gastritis, Crohn�s Disease, sore throat and dry cough. Shatavari helps to build body mass and muscle tissue, and can be used externally to treat stiff joints. It nourishes the blood, treats male impotence, calms the nerves and helps with inflammation in the lungs due to dryness and heat.

Shea Butter-Butyrospermum Parkii- Painted Earth is a company in service to our customers, our community, and our planet. We are commited to supporting sustainable practices and this commitment extends into our raw goods in a very real way. With this in mind, we have secured a direct connection in Ghana, Africa for our Shea Butter. You will not find another shea butter on the world market that can hold a candle to our raw, wild, hand harvested shea butter. The quality is unparalleled and it is a truly special raw good. A group of tribeswomen in Ghana have formed a co-operative in their village, and are creating hope, vibrance, and abundance for their families and their village through the process of plugging into the American market with this superior nut butter. We are happy to be supporting our sisters in Ghana with fair trade pricing, as well as helping them to develop their manufacturing practices. All of our Shea Butter at Painted Earth is coming to us directly from this co-op in Ghana, and know that by utilizing Painted Earth as your skincare line, you are supporting wonderful things in the world. A bit about Shea Butter- ..also known as karite butter which is extracted from the nuts of the genus Butyrosperum Parkii Kotschy tree which grows in Central Africa. Karite Butter is superior to cocoa and jojoba butter in its ability to heal damaged and dry skin. Great protection for the skin from the elements, sun, photoageing, and elimination of superficial irritations, burns, eczema, dermatitis, dermatosis, and all damaged hair conditions. Shea butter is an extremely therapeutic emollient with chemical constituents that help to heal bruising and soreness. With high levels of vitamin A, E, unsaponifiables and cinnamic esters, these high antimicrobial and moisturizing properties heal and renew the skin as well as the entire body. The natives of Central Africa as well as those in Japan use karite butter for food as well as body care. Karite butter is a replacement for regular dairy butter in foods, and a perfect replacement for dairy butter in cooking for vegetarians. Karite butter is an outstanding source of essential fatty acids, linoleic acids, and stands out as an exceptional source of unsaponifiable material. In Africa, it has also long been used with astonishing results as a massage balm for tired and sore muscles, rheumatism, burns, and light wounds. Shea butter has a stimulating effect on the metabolism, and clinical research has indicated that karite butter increases local capillary circulation which in turn increases tissue re-oxygenation and improves the elimination of metabolic waste products. A natural anti-oxidant agent, B-amyrine and tocopherols protect the double bond of the oil as a whole and the unsaponifiable compounds in particular. This makes karite butter a truly fantastic anti-ageing topical as well as dietary supplement. Another asset natural to raw shea butter is its high protection against ultraviolet rays. Clinical tests consistently show that karite butter without PABA naturally prevents sunburn when exposed to UV rays. This is a wonderful alternative to chemical sun-protection factors.

Sheep Sorrel (Rumex acetosella, R. acetosa)- Anti-pyretic, anti-scorbutic, antiseptic (mild), astringent, diuretic, laxative, nutritive. Sheep Sorrel was first introduced to America as a salad green. It was commonly grown in European vegetable gardens until the 1700�s. Sorrel is useful in treating excessive menstrual bleeding and hemorrhages of the stomach. Currently, Canada is using Sorrel in the treatment of various degenerative diseases. It makes an excellent poultice, helps dissolve, loosen and expel gravel from the kidneys, and is a good remedy for virtually any skin problem, including boils.

Shepherd�s Purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris)- Anti-hemorrhagic, anti-pyretic, astringent, diuretic, hemostatic, laxative, stimulant, styptic, urinary antiseptic. Shepherd�s Purse was used in Germany during World War II due to a shortage in drugs the controlled bleeding. It can be used to control excessive menstrual flow, and can be applied externally to cuts, wounds, bleeding sores, nose bleeds and bruises. Capsella is an effective remedy for diarrhea, internal bleeding of the colon and lungs, hemorrhages after childbirth, and catarrh of the urinary tract.

Scullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora)- An-aphrodisiac, anti-bacterial, anti-convulsive, anti-pyretic, anti-spasmodic, aromatic, astringent (slight), diuretic (somewhat), nervine, sedative, tonic. Scullcap was considered in old times to be a remedy for rabies, thus its nickname �mad Dog weed�. It calms the nervous system, brings about natural sleep, is effective in helping with drug and alcohol withdrawal symptoms, helps to rebuild nerve endings in the brain, helps with infertility, and is very useful in cases of spasmodic afflictions such as epilepsy. Scullcap has also been known to help with digestive problems, respiratory infections, extreme fatigue, inflamed tissue and headaches. Silica- Mineral found abundantly in sandstone, clay, and granite, as well as in parts of plants and animals. It is the principal ingredient of glass. In cosmetics it is used as an absorbent powder and thickening agent.

Silk Protein Amino Acid Blend (Sodium L-Pyrrolidone Carboxylate, Sodium Lactate, L�Arginine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid, Glycine, L-Alanine, L-Serine, L-Valine, L-Proline, L-threonine, L-Isoleucine, L-Histidine, L-Phenylalanine)- Amino acids are the basis for all living tissue on Earth. The skin is a living, breathing organ and needs an abundant supply of amino acids to function properly. These �natural miracles� are the very building blocks needed for the creation of important skin proteins like collagen and elastin. Without amino acids the skin simply cannot function properly. These selected amino acids are essential to healthy skin. These are exactly the same amino acids found in collagen and elastin. Each amino acid is made from plant sources and is painstakingly purified. These amino acids are then carefully blended to match the optimum amino acid composition in collagen. By utilizing the unique delivery system in this amino acid blend, the skin now has available the amino acids necessary to beautify and repair itself on a daily basis. Amino acids are the main moisture retention factors in human skin. Topical application of amino acids has shown to dramatically increase moisture content while decreasing visible lines. In addition, amino acids help in the production of collagen and elastin, regulate sebaceous gland activity and decrease discoloration. Free radicals are unbalanced molecules caused by the sun, environment and pollution. These unbalanced molecules randomly bounce around inside skin cells and cause damage to important cellular tissues including DNA structures. Amino acids are natural free radical scavenges that seek and neutralize free radicals to help prevent the damage done by them.

L-Proline: Important in maintaining radiant and youthful skin

L-Histidine: Protects the body from radiation and sun damage. Antioxidant, which neutralizes free radicals helping to prevent skin cell damage.

L-Arginine: Speeds the healing of skin cell damage and wounds.

L-Lysine: Skin conditioning agent. Involved in cellular and tissue repair. Essential amino acid needed for collagen production.

L-Glycine: Repairs damaged tissue and promotes healing.

L-Isoleucine: Branched chain amino acid. Important in protein synthesis and tissue repair.

L-Tyrosine: A building block of protein used to help the moisturizing product penetrate the skin. Converted by skin cells into melanin that protects against harmful effects of UV light.

L-Leucine: Branched chain amino acid. Protects against muscle protein breakdown.

L-Glutamine: Helps prevent muscle and tissue breakdown.

L-Valine: Branched chain amino acid. Important for muscular and tissue strength.

L-Threonine: Important for the formation of collagen and elastin.

L-Methionine: Neutralizes free radicals and fights aging of the skin.

L-Alanine: Important in protein synthesis.

L-Acetyl Tyrosine: Highly bio-available form of L-Tyrosine, a building block of protein.

L-Aspartic Acid: Involved in building skin cell DNA (genetic structure in the nucleolus). L-Serine: Important in formation of cell membranes.

L-Phenylalanine: Building blocks for various proteins. It can be converted to

L-Tyrosine. Silver Sparkle- Mica, Titanium Dioxide for natural based glitter.

Skunk Cabbage (Symplocarpus Foetidus)- Antispasmodic, diaphoretic, expectorant. Skunk Cabbage, when used externally, is good for ringworm, sores and swelling. It acts as a narcotic for asthma, and is good for arthritis, chorea, edema, hysteria, whooping cough, worms, epilepsy, and convulsions in pregnancy and labor. Skunk Cabbage is also noted for its ability to generate temperatures of up to thirty five degrees Celsius. It actually melts its way through the snow in early spring, and is one of the only plants that exhibits thermo genesis.

Smectite Clay- Montmorillonite-containing bentonite clays have also been used for thousands of years as a remedy for infections, indigestion, and other medical problems by both appying wet clay topically to the skin as a poultice and by ingesting it. A recent article in The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy also found that certain iron-rich clay was effective in killing bacteria. This clay is a very soft phyllosilicate mineral that typically forms in microscopic crystals forming a clay. It is the main constituent of the volcanic ash weathering product, bentonite Smectite Clay�s water content is variable and it increases greatly in volume when it absorbs water.

Sodium Carbomer- Carbomers are large molecule agents used as thickening and suspending agents and emulsion stabilizers in cosmetics. White, slightly acidic powders, carbomers react with fat particles to form thick, stable emulsions of water and oil. This thickening agent is used to create gel-like formulations.

Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose- a gummy substance that is a sodium salt of cellulose; used as a thickening or emulsifying agent.

Sodium Chloride- More popularly known as common table salt. Used primarily as a binding agent in skin-care products and occasionally as an abrasive in scrub products.

Sodium Hydroxide- Also known as lye, it is a highly alkaline ingredient used in small amounts in cosmetics to modulate the pH of a product. It is also used as a cleansing agent in some cleansers.

Sodium Selenate- Sodium Selenate, or Selenium is considered to be a powerful antioxidant. It is an element that is known to be essential, in small amounts, to humans and other living things. In the body it is found as part of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, which helps to rid the body of destructive �superoxide� molecules. Selenium deficiencies are common, since selenium concentrations depend strongly on locale and diet. Such deficiencies give rise to symptoms like those of aging: damaged tissues, increased arthritis, heart disease, and cancer, and increased virulence of viral infections. Medical research has found evidence supporting the following uses for selenium supplementation: o it slows aging by protecting cells and tissues from damage wrought by free radicals o it combats arthritis, inhibits heart disease and prevents cancer o it reduces virulence of viruses o it decreases mortality and improves mental state of people with HIV infection o it can prevent progression of autoimmune thyroid disease o selenium and iodine taken simultaneously can reduce hyperthyroidism o selenium combines with metals such as cadmium and mercury to reduce their toxicity

Sorbic Acid- A natural organic preservative derived from mountain ash berries. Sorbic acid is used in many products, including several foods and even in contact lens solutions. Inhibits the growth of molds and yeast and fungus in skin care formulations, and adjusts the PH of a product for proper preservation and balance.

Spilanthes (Spilanthes acmella)- Spilanthes is commonly called the �toothache plant� due to its numbing effect on the gums. It is an antibacterial, and is thought to be good for oral health in general. The main constituent of Spilanthes, spilanthol, is an effective antiparasitic, and has been used as a native remedy against malaria. It also has strong antifungal properties and is useful in the treatment of ringworm, as well as bacterial infections of the skin and wounds. Some recommend using a mouth rinse of Spilanthes daily to promote gum health, and recent scientific research is proving Spilanthes to be a very strong antibacterial against E. coli, salmonella, staphylococcus albus, as well as an inhibitor of the growth of candida albicans.

Spirulina-Spirulina Maxima- Botanical; stimulant. Full of vitamins and minerals, it is said to have a hydrating effect on the surface layers of the skin. It has also been represented that Spirulina proteins contribute to tissue regeneration of the skin.

St. Johns Wort (Hypericum perforatum)- Alterative, anti-bacterial, anti-depressant, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, anti-tumor, anti-viral, aromatic, astringent, diuretic, expectorant, nervine, sedative, vulnerary. St. Johns Wort is especially good for treating wounds, no matter how gruesome. It has been used in cases of putrid leg ulcers where simply nothing else would heal them. St. Johns Wort helps reduce inflammation in cellulite, boils, septic sores and lymphangitis, and increases blood flow to stressed tissue. It has been used as an antidepressant, pain reliever and sedative, and treats anxiety, neuralgia, nervous tension, mental burnout, chronic fatigue, bruises, viral infections, worms, pulmonary and bladder complaints, and internal bleeding. St. Johns Wort is an excellent blood purifier and is a very good remedy for chronic uterine problems, as well as bronchitis dysentery and nervous depression.

Stillingia (Stillingia sylvatica)- Alterative, expectorant, emetic, cathartic, cholagogue. Doctors have found Stillingia to be one of the best treatments for syphilis. It is found to be useful in skin problems such as acne, eczema, and psoriasis, is a glandular stimulant used in the treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, cleanses the blood and aids in the digestion of protein. Stillingia is also a liver stimulant, and is used to rid the body of the drugs used in the chemotherapy treatment of cancer.

Stoneroot (Collinsonia canadensis)- Stoneroot has a strong lemony aroma, and has been used since the time of the Native Americans as a wound wash and lotion. A tea was also brewed to treat kidney stones, constipation, and headache. Stoneroot is prescribed to counteract fluid retention, and to prevent the formation or worsening of varicose veins and hemorrhoids.

Suma (Pfaffia paniculata)- Adaptogen, demulcent, energy tonic, immuno-stimulant, nutrient. Suma is called �para todo� by the Brazilian Indians, meaning �for everything�. This herb strengthens the immune system, fortifies hormones, reduces tumors and regulates blood sugar. Suma has recently been used in the United States to rebuild the body after cancer. It protects against viral infections, inhibits tumor growth, acts as an adaptogen to normalize all the body�s functions, restores sexual function in women and men, fights free radicals due to its high antioxidant content, and helps the body deal with stress.

Sundew (Drosera)- Sundew has been used medicinally since the 12th century, where the plants were used to treat coughs. Sundew tea was recommended by herbalists in Germany for dry coughs, whooping cough, bronchitis and asthma. Various Sundew varieties have also been used as aphrodisiacs, to strengthen the heart and prevent freckles, as well as a treatment for sunburns and toothaches. Today Drosera is usually used to treat stomach ulcers, asthma, coughs and lung infections.

Sunflower Oil-Helianthus Annuus- Carrier; An oil wealthy in Oleic acids with high amounts of Vitamins A, D, and E, also has beneficial amounts of lecithin, and unsaturated fatty acids. Deeply nourishing and conditioning for the skin and it is highly recommended for recipes designed to treat dry, weathered, aged, and damaged skin. Our line of organic Sunflower oil has a pleasant scent and is easily absorbed and applied. High in Linolenic acid.

Sweet Almond Oil-Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis- An emollient/moisturizer; a natural vegetable oil pressed from almonds used for penetrating and softening. Massage therapists have long used this moisturizing oil for massage. Is used to soften dry skin and to help relieve dry, itchy and irritated skin. Main component is olein with a small proportion of glyceride. Similar to Olive Oil. Elegant skin feel.

Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine- An Emulsifier that is very ethical as it doesn�t use solvents or chemicals. It is made from vegetable-based components. It is ideal for Hair Conditioners as it makes the hair very soft.

Stearic Acid- Occurs naturally in butter acids, tallow, cascarilla bark, and other fats an oils. A soap softener and toiletry thickener. Stearic Acid is naturally derived from palm oil. It helps to bind and thicken creams and is also used in soap and candles.

Tamanu Oil-Calophyllum Inophyllum- Tamanu oil is a remarkable topical healing agent with skin healing, antineuralgic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antibiotic and antioxidant properties. Tamanu oil�s botanical name is Calophyllum tacamahaca and/or Calophyllum Inophyllum�but it�s been called everything from Alexandrian Laurel to Pannay Tree to Sweet Scented Calophyllum, and in London it was once sold as Borneo Mahogany. The Tamanu tree is indigenous to tropical Southeast Asia; it is found in Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, Malaysia, South India, Sri Lanka, and the Melanesian and Polynesian islands. It is grows up to three meters tall, sporting cracked, black bark and elliptical, shiny leaves. The Tamanu tree blooms twice annually with fragrant, white flowers, which later yield clusters of yellow-skinned spherical fruit. The fruit�s pulp tastes similar to an apple, within which a large nut is embedded. The nut contains an odorless pale kernel, called punnai in some Pacific areas. This kernel is dried in the sun for two months until it becomes sticky with a dark, thick, rich oil; it must be protected from humidity and rain during drying. This sticky oil is cold-pressed to make a greenish yellow oil similar to olive oil. To put this spectacular oil into perspective, and to further justify its relatively high cost, It takes 100 kilograms of Tamanu fruit, the amount that one tree produces annually, to yield just 5 kilograms of cold pressed oil! Natives believed the Tamanu tree was a sacred gift of nature and that gods hid in its branches. It was their answer to skin protection from hot sun, high humidity and ocean wind. Indonesians soak the leaf in water; the resulting blue solution is applied to inflamed eyes or taken internally for heatstroke. It is used as an astringent for hemorrhoids in Philippines. The Manus of Papua New Guinea heat leaves over a fire until they soften, then apply them to skin ulcers, boils, cuts, sores and pimples. On Dobu Island, leaves are boiled, and the resulting solution is used to wash skin rashes. In the Philippines, the sap is mixed with sulfur to create an ointment for boils, open sores and wounds. In the 18th century, native Jamaicans used a similar species for wounds and sores. Fiji natives use Tamanu oil for joint pains, arthritis, bruises, oozing wounds, chapped lips and preventing diaper rash. In most south sea islands it is utilized as an analgesic for sciatica, rheumatism and ulcers. Pacific islanders apply Tamanu oil to scrapes, cuts, burns, insect bites and stings, acne and acne scars, psoriasis, diabetic sores, anal fissures, sunburn, dry or scaly skin, blisters, eczema, diaper rash and herpes sores�and even to reduce foot and body odor! In Europe, sometimes called Domba oil, it has a 70 to 75 percent success rate in alleviating rheumatism and scabies. It�s also effective on gout and ringworm. It can be applied to mucous membrane lesions. It heals chapped skin, post-surgical wounds, skin allergies, cracked skin, bed sores, wounds, rashes, abrasions, athlete�s foot, boils, and infected nails. Tamanu oil has even healed severe burns caused by boiling water, chemicals and X-rays. Its anti-inflammatory properties reduce rashes, sores, swelling and abrasions. Tamanu oil promotes new tissue formation, accelerating healing and healthy skin growth. Tamanu oil reputedly relieves a sore throat when it is applied to the neck. It�s pain-relieving properties have also been used traditionally to relieve neuralgia, shingles and believe it or not, leprous neuritis! In the 1920s, Sister Marie-Suzanne, a nun stationed in Fiji, topically applied Tamanu oil to leprosy victims with positive results. Tamanu oil possesses significant antimicrobial qualities, as proven in antibacterial and antifungal tests. It contains powerful bactericide and fungicide agents that defeat human and animal pathogens. Tamanu can be applied directly to skin, undiluted. There are no reports of adverse effects from topical application. Tamanu oil has also compared favorably against antibiotics in alleviating these maladies: o Bladder infections o Wound infections o Septicemia o Pneumonias o Abscesses o Boils o Conjunctivitis o The cause of diphtheria o Infected burns o Urinary tract infections o The cause of Madura Foot, which causes the foot�s skin to swell and split o Jock itch o Ringworm o Athlete�s foot Tamanu oil fades stretch marks with incredible results. It also works miracles on scar tissue, making scars look less unsightly. BioScience Laboratories conducted a study of Tamanu oil�s ability to improve the appearance of scars. Six subjects with obvious scars aged for one year or more participated in the test. Subjects were not allowed to use moisturizers on their scarred areas for seven days before the test or throughout the nine-week test period. Scars were rated for roughness, length, width and degree of difference from surrounding normal skin. Measurements of darkness and redness were also taken for scarred and surrounding normal skin. Digital photos of scars were taken prior to initial application and at the end of week nine. Tamanu oil was applied to the scarred area twice daily for nine consecutive weeks. There was significant improvement in appearance of scars after six weeks, and improvement continued through week nine. Scar length was reduced by an average 0.28 centimeters, and width was reduced by an average 0.12 centimeters!

Tea Tree-Melaleuca Alternifolia- Traditional Use: Employed in soaps, toothpastes, deodorants, disinfectants, gargles, germicides, and increasingly, in aftershaves and spicy colognes. Properties: Analgesic, antibacterial, antibiotic, anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasitic, antiseptic, antiviral, balsamic, cicatrisant, decongestant, diaphoretic, expectorant, fungicidal, stimulant (immune), and vulnerary. Benefits: Abscess, acne, asthma, athlete�s foot, blisters, bronchitis, burns, candida, catarrh, chicken pox, cold sores, colds, coughs, cystitis, dandruff, ear and nose infections, fever, flu, fungal infections, herpes, immune system deficiencies, infectious illnesses, insect bites, local anesthetic, oily skin, prevents radiation burns or scalds, pruritis, respiratory problems, sinusitis, skin rashes, staph, strep throat, thrush, tooth and gum infections, tuberculosis, vaginal infections, veruccae, viral infections, warts, whooping cough, and wounds. Because the water-resistant �paperbark� is so easy to peel off the tree, it was used extensively by the aboriginal peoples of Australia to make small canoes, knife sheaths, and thatching for shelters. The pungent leaves were soaked in hot water and taken as a cure for cold coughs, and headaches � or they were simply picked from the tree and chewed. In World War ll cutters and producers of tea tree were exempt from military service until enough essential oil had been accumulated. It was issued to each soldier and sailor for them to treat tropical infections and other problems of warfare, including wounds.

Tetrasodium EDTA- This is a chelating agent used to prevent minerals present in formulations from bonding to other ingredients and casusing microbial growth.

Thuja (Thuja occidentalis)- Diuretic, insecticide, anthelmintic, antiviral, expectorant, emmenagogue, stimulant, anti-carcinogenic. Thuja makes a good topical, as well as internal treatment for warts. It enhances the immune system by stimulating T-lymphocytes, can be used as an expectorant for bronchial catarrh, is an effective diuretic for cystitis and amenorrhea, helps with stopped menstruation, clears intestinal parasites, and according to herbalist Donny Yance, is good for treating cancers of viral origin.

Thyme-Thymus Vulgaris- Antimicrobial; botanical. Skin care uses are as a skin tonic and also the herb Thyme works to repel certain insects. Properties: Analgesic, anthelminthic, antifungal, anti-infectious, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, antiputrescent, antirheumatic, antiseptic, (intestinal, pulmonary, genito-urinary), antispasmodic, antitussive, antitoxic, antivenomus, antiviral, aperitif, aphrodisiac, astringent, bactericidal, balsamic, carminative, cicatrizant, diuretic, emmenagogue, nervine, parasiticide, pectoral, revulsive, rubefacient, stimulant (immune system, circulation), sudorific, tonic, and vermifuge. Benefits: Abscess, acne, anorexia, arthritis, asthma, balsamic, bronchitis, bruises, burns, catarrh, cellulitis, chills, colds, coughs, cuts, cystitis, dermatitis, diarrhea, dyspepsia, eczema, edema, expectorant, flatulence, flu, gout, gum infections, headaches, infectious diseases, insect bites, insomnia, gum infections, laryngitis, lice, muscular aches and pains, nervous debility and stress related conditions, obesity, oily skin, poor circulation, rheumatism, scabies, sinusitis, sore throat, sports injuries, sprains, thrush, tonsillitis, urethritis, verrucas, and warts. Of Interest: So important was the herb�s aroma that its name was culled from the Greek �thymon� which means �to fumigate�. On the other hand, its name has also been linked to the Greek word thumon, meaning �courage� � as the plant was associated with bravery. Indeed Roman soldiers bathed in thyme before entering a battle, and in the Middle Ages sprigs of thyme were woven into the scarves of knights departing for the Crusades. Most present-day research has centered on thyme�s ability as an antibacterial and anti-infectious agent, even when diffused in the air.

Titanium Dioxide- An inert earth mineral used as a thickening, whitening, lubricating, and sunscreen ingredient in cosmetics. It protects skin from UVA and UVB radiation and is considered to have no risk of skin irritation (Source: Skin Therapy Letter, 1997, volume 2, number 5

Triethanolamine- A coating ingredient used for fresh fruit and vegetables and widely used in surfactants and in dispersing agents and detergents in hand and body lotions, shave cr�mes, soaps, shampoos, and bath powders. Used in cosmetics as a pH balancer.

Turmeric (Curcuma longa)- Emmenagogue, aromatic stimulant, cholagogue, alterative, analgesic, astringent, antiseptic. Turmeric is an ingredient in Indian curry powders because it helps promote good digestion and assimilation. It regulates menses, balances hormones, and lessens PMS symptoms. Turmeric also promotes blood circulation and is an effective anti-inflammatory, making it particularly useful as an external oil or liniment for treating bruises, injuries, and other inflammations.

Urea- Urea is the most scientifically researched organic compound known to medical science. It is the only proven ingredient to actually heal dry skin. It is wonderful as treatment for eczema, shingles, rosacea, psoriasis, ichthyosis, and any dry skin condition. Urea is a water soluble compound that is found in all animals and mammals. Urea is naturally present in healthy skin. It is one of three natural moisturizing factors (NMF) in the outer horny layer of our skin. The other two NMF are lactic acid and amino acids. There are markedly reduced amounts of urea in dry skin conditions. Urea preparations are emollients that are essential in the management of dry skin conditions. Emollients moisturize dry skin by reducing water loss from the epidermis (upper layer of skin) resulting in softer and more supple skin. The specific actions of urea include: o Hydrating effects � urea is strongly hygroscopic (water-loving) and draws and retains water within skin cells o Keratolytic effects � urea softens the horny layer so it can be easily released from the surface of the skin o Regenerative skin protection � urea has a direct protective effect against drying influences and if used regularly improves the capacity of the epidermal barriers for regeneration o Irritation-soothing effects � urea has anti-pruritic activity based on local anaesthetic effects o Penetration-assisting effects � urea can increase the penetration of other substances, e.g. corticosteroids as it increases skin hydration

Usnea -Usnea Barbata- a wildcrafted lichen originating in the Pacific Northwest. Known for its superb anti-bacterial, antibiotic, anti-fungal, anti-viral, astringent, diuretic, parasiticide, tonic, tuberculostatic qualities. According to the doctrine of signatures, Usnea is good for the hair and scalp. It is used both internally and externally for fungus, viral and bacterial infections, is effective against the parasite known as Trichomonas, and helps to strengthen the immune system. Many European anti-bacterial and anti-fungal creams are made from Usnea because the usnic acid it contains is releases slowly and is therefore available to the site of infection longer than other anti-bacterials.

Uva Ursi (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi)- Anti-lithic, aromatic, astringent, disinfectant, diuretic, lithontriptic, sedative (renal), stimulant (mild), tonic, urinary antiseptic. Uva Ursi has historically been considered an herb for the kidneys by the Chinese, Europeans and American Indians. The leaves were used to treat bladder infections, kidney stones, and other ailments of the sort, and the herb was also used for canker sores, sore gums, and as a mouth wash. Uva Ursi has been used to correct bed-wetting, bladder disease, kidney congestion, kidney and urinary tract infections, urogenital inflammations, vaginal infections, and as a cleanser for the spleen. One can use Uva Ursi after child birth to prevent infections, and can add the herb to a hot bath for hemorrhoids, skin infections and inflammations. Arctostaphylos speeds the healing process for wounds, is useful for inflammation throughout the body, is a strong antibiotic against Staph and E. coli, and helps remove gravel from the kidneys and urinary tract.

Valerian (Valeriana officinalis)- Anodyne (mild), anti-diuretic, anti-spasmodic, aromatic, carminative, cathartic, diuretic, hypnotic, nervine, parasiticide, sedative, stimulant, tonic. Valerian has been used for centuries to calm nervous disorders. It is used when sleep disorders are the result of nervous tension, hysteria, headache and exhaustion, and is employed as a sedative of the primary nerve centers in cases of epileptic fits, nervous unrest, neuralgia pain and wakefulness. Valerian root is being used in place of Valium to help assist in the rehabilitation of drug addicts. It most often simply helps them relax and sleep easily, especially in cases of hypochondria and hysteria. Although Valerian is a sedative, it also serves to antagonize the hypnotic effects of alcohol, improves coordination, strengthens the heart, stimulates intestinal motility, is an anti-spasmodic, and relieves stomach cramps and stress.

Venus� Flytrap (Dionaea muscipula)- Venus Flytrap extract is used to treat various types of degenerative diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, ulcerative colitis, herpes, arthritis and AIDS. This plant-extract attacks and destroys every variety of cellular malignancy, and has been found to be especially effective on primitive cancer tumor tissues. Famed naturalist Charles Darwin called Venus Flytrap the most wonderful plant in the world, and according to Dr. Helmut Keller, �- the beauty and intelligence of this remarkable insect-eating plant cannot be over-emphasized. It is one of nature�s storehouses of phytonutrients for the human immune system."

Violet (Viola odorata)- Alterative, anti-neoplastic, anti-pyretic, antiseptic, anti-spasmodic, demulcent, expectorant, vulnerary, emetic (large doses). The Violet was the national flower of Athens, and was highly prized by both the Romans and the Greeks. The fresh leaves of Violet have been used as a poultice for skin cancer since five-hundred B.C., and the ancient writer Pliny prescribed it for gout and disorders of the spleen. Violet has antiseptic and expectorant properties, softens hard lumps such as tumors, has been used as a gargle, and treats respiratory disorders, sore throats, chronic coughs and asthma. It heals internal ulcers, boils, abscesses, pimples, malignant growths, swollen glands and severe headaches.

Vitamin A, C, E, B5- values are those of the specific vitamins themselves, as our bodies need these vitamins for healthy cell growth.

Vitamin C- Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate- The cutting edge of skin care research shows that aging skin is the result of more than just years on the calendar. Exposure to environmental elements like sunlight, smoke, and air pollution causes photoaging in skin. Not only does this lead to the formation of lines, wrinkles, and pigmentation - it can lead to more serious skin conditions, including skin cancer. A comprehensive Vitamin C program can help prevent photoaging and the onset of more serious skin conditions. Topical vitamin C has now been shown to provide up to eight times the skin�s natural protection from UV damage. Sunscreens are also an important part of the prevention process, although they cannot do it alone. Vitamin C protects your skin from the sun in ways that sunscreens can�t. When used together, Vitamin C and sunscreens provide almost complete photoprotection - preventing photoaging, preventing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promoting vibrant skin health. Oxidative damage shows up on our faces in the form of sun spots, discoloration, wrinkles, sagging, and loss of elasticity and glow. Vitamin C prevents oxidative damage by neutralizing oxygen-free radicals before they can attack the body. Some Vitamin C is available to the body by oral ingestion, but many individuals do not achieve even the minimum daily requirement through diet or supplements. Furthermore, Vitamin C cannot be stored in the body, and so must be reintroduced into the body AND skin on a daily basis. Painted Earth has refined ways to stabilize and deliver additional amounts of key Vitamin C into the skin. Continued research has demonstrated that properly formulated vitamin C combinations work synergistically to provide enhanced benefit. Recent studies show that topical application of optimized Vitamin C combinations can provide up to eight-fold antioxidant protection, ninety-six percent reduction of sunburn cells, and prevent the formation of free radicals in UV irradiated skin (sun exposed skin). Our vitamin C formulations are superior to most of the C products on the market- due to our use of a uniquely stabilized vitamin C called Stay C 50. Stay C 50 is water soluble and is a salt form. It is easily bioconverted to Vitamin C by skin enzymes. Ascorbyl palmitate is the more commonly used form of vitamin C in skin care formulations today. It is more stable, meaning that it will not yellow the product base as quickly. The reason that we do not use ascorbyl palmitate is that it is not as easily converted to Vitamin C in the skin- .it remains in the ester form for a longer period of time. This is not optimal as we want the skin to bioconvert the provitamin form and take up the C right away! What good will a vitamin C concentrate do for your complexion and skin cells if it cannot actually penetrate into the skin? So what we are saying here is that the more commonly used ascorbyl palmitate is more stable but less bioavailable to the skin. We use Stay C 50 at concentrations that may turn the base a light cream color over time. That is because vitamin C is active- all vitamins are active and sensitive to light. The main reason the palmitate version was created was to avoid the yellowing in formulation but really had nothing to do with the skin efficacy. We are only interested in efficacy, and if we have to watch or product turn a light yellow in order to have the best skin care available, well, so be it!!

Vitamin-C is necessary for the production of collagen, the major structural protein of the skin and although visible differences will not be seen for approximately two months, you may notice a visible difference in skin texture, color and tone in as early as a few days. Painted Earth's Topical Vitamin-C products will start to be absorbed by the skin almost immediately. Because these vitamin-C products were developed as a preventative treatment with the goal of protecting the skin from further environmental damage, the skin will benefit the moment the vitamin-C is applied. The appearance of fine lines and wrinkles will become less noticeable within two to six months. Individual results will vary, depending upon the condition of the skin at the time of initial use. Research shows that topical vitamin-C offers photoprotective qualities. Most individuals find the ideal time to apply vitamin-C is in the morning, because during the day you are more susceptible to sun exposure and L-ascorbic acid provides photoprotection from UVA/UVB radiation. You can also safely use it at night, as it stays in the skin for up to 72 hours, and cannot be washed off. Using our Vitamin C products once a day should be perfect for optimal results. Do not let the slight sting upon application scare you. The high acid levels are necessary in order for the Vitamin C to be absorbed. Other products with AHA�s can still very safely be used alongside of our Vitamin C formulations, and will actually be greatly enhanced by the addition of these products.

Vitamin E-Tocopheryl Acetate- Anti-inflammatory; antioxidant; emollient. Linoleic acid at 71%. A natural Vitamin E oil obtained by vacuum distillation of vegetable fats. Great for preventing rancidity in cosmetics and it acts as an anti-oxidant in creams, lotions, baby products, cosmetics and more. Has long been associated with accelerated healing. Is used a lot in burn and scar medical therapy units to assist the skin in healing. Recent studies have suggested that Vitamin E oil assists in maintaining a healthy heart and blood vessels. Suitable for food use and measures 7500 I.U./Oz.

Wheat Germ Oil-Triticum Vulgare- Wheat Germ Oil is widely used as both a cosmetic ingredient and as a dietary supplement. It is naturally rich in Vitamins A, D, and E, and also contains Vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, F, Essential Fatty Acids, protein, and minerals. Because of its anti-oxidant and regenerative properties, Wheat Germ Oil is a wonderful ingredient to add to bodycare and cosmetic products. Wheat Germ Oil contains high levels of Vitamin E Oil, as well as other vitamins, minerals, protein, and Essential Fatty Acids. Essential Fatty Acids support physiological functions, and are essential for the health of our organs and overall health. They cannot be produced by our own bodies, and instead must be obtained from dietary sources. Wheat Germ Oil contains linoleic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic fatty acids. These are needed for our cardiovascular, immune, nervous, reproductive systems, and to maintain healthy cells and body functions. The Vitamin E Oil present in Wheat Germ Oil promotes skin cell formation, and is great for nourishing and rejuvenating dry, mature, dehydrated skin, and reducing scars, stretch marks, sunburns, and damaged skin. It has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, which may be beneficial medicinally as well as in cosmetics. The high Vitamin E content in Wheat Germ Oil is a natural preservative, helps to prevent rancidity, and prolongs the shelf life of cosmetic products. Specifically, Wheat Germ Oil has been shown to be effective for the following conditions: o Dry and cracked skin o Eczema o Psoriasis o Prematurely aged skin o Stretch marks o Dull complexion o Tired and overexerted muscles o Sunburn and burns o Scars o Poor blood circulation o Improves lymph function

White Oak Bark (Quercus alba)- Antiseptic, astringent, hemostatic, parasiticide, tonic. The North American colonists used White Oak Bark to make barrels for holding liquids. They favored it over other types of wood because once wet, it would swell up and seal the barrel completely, making it impossible for any fluid to leak out. White Oak Bark tightens tissues, and can be applied externally to relieve bruises, varicose veins, swollen tissue, injuries and bleeding. It has a cleansing effect on inflamed parts of the skin, has been used for diarrhea, dysentery and bleeding, expels pinworms, is a good remedy for hemorrhoids, bleeding of the stomach, liver, lungs and bowels, and stops the spitting up of blood. White Oak Bark is useful when one wishes to expel mucus from ones system, pass kidney stones, bring down temperature in the case of a fever, heal damaged tissues of the stomach and intestines, and to arrest internal and external bleeding.

White Willow Bark-Salix Alba- Is a chemical found in some plants, particularly in the leaves of Wintergreen and bark of Sweet Birch. Antiseptic. Used in acne soaps and cleansers. It can help dissolve the top layer of corneum cells and thereby improve the look and feel of the skin.

Wild Cherry (Prunus virginiana, Prunus serotina)- Anti-tussive, aromatic, astringent, bitter, carminative, expectorant, nervine, parasiticide, pectoral, sedative, stomachic, stimulant, tonic. Wild Cherry bark was used by the Native American Indians to treat diarrhea and lung ailments. The early Colonists learned of it through the Native Americans, and used it in cough syrup, tonics, as a decoction or extract to expel worms, and as a poultice for abscesses and ulcers. It is slightly astringent to the mucus membranes, aids in digestion, loosens mucus in the throat and chest, is an excellent remedy for all catarrhal afflictions, and improves the condition of asthma.

Wild Geranium (Geranium maculatum)- Astringent, antiseptic, diuretic, styptic, tonic. Wild Geranium has been used as a salad green and is also a blood coagulant. It is used to treat diarrhea, dysentery, sore throats, irritable bowels, cholera, excessive bleeding during menstruation, kidney and stomach complaints, and hemorrhoids. The powdered root has also been used as a topical remedy for canker sores.

Wild Indigo (Baptisia australis)- The Native Americans used Wild Indigo as a treatment for toothaches, and as a poultice for any kind of inflammation. The Cherokee�s used it to make a blue dye, and the Baptisia species is currently being researched for immune stimulating properties. It has a bitter taste, increases gastric secretions, is a laxative in small doses, stimulates the liver and increases bile secretions. It is an excellent dressing for ulcerations, malignant ulcers and sore mouth. It overcomes putrefaction and lessens foul discharges in irritable and painful ulcers, and has been used to treat sore nipples, syphilitic ulcers, erysipelatous, scrofulous, malignant sore throat and Diphtheria.

Wild Yam (Dioscorea villosa)- Anti-bilious, anti-catarrhal, anti-emetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, anti-spasmodic, bitter, blood purifier, carminative, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, hepatic, laxative, nervine, relaxant, stimulant, stomachic, tonic. During the Civil War Wild Yam roots were employed for abdominal cramps and bilious colic. Dioscorea has steroid-like substances that are used in the making of birth control pills. Wild Yam treats painful gallstones, menstrual cramps, arthritic and rheumatic pains, abdominal and intestinal cramps, gas and flatulence, cleanses the blood, lowers blood cholesterol, and is a potent uterine tonic. The North American Indians used the Mexican Wild Yam as an effective birth control method, has historically been used for those with exhausted adrenals, helps to balance hormones, calms the nerves, expels gas from the stomach, treats nausea, reduces inflammations, and is a good preventative of miscarriage.

Willow Bark (Salix alba)- Alterative, analgesic, anodyne, anti-inflammatory, anti-periodic, anti-pyretic, antiseptic, anti-spasmodic, astringent, bitter, diaphoretic, diuretic, febrifuge, tonic, vermifuge. The bark of the willow tree contains an effective pain killer known as salicin. When made into a tea and drunk, the salicin is excreted in the urine as salicylic acid, making it useful for the urethra and bladder. Willow is a well known and very effective anti-inflammatory for both topical and internal use, is good for fevers, headaches, various aches and pains related to rheumatism, arthritis and neuralgia, is a nerve sedative, and has strong anti-septic properties that make it useful in the treatment of infected wounds. Willow Bark is a very good source of herbal magnesium, is useful in all stomach ailments, and is the original aspirin.

Wintergreen-Methyl Salicylate- From wintergreen; antiseptic; flavor. Penetration and analgesic.

Witch Hazel-Hamamelis Virginiana- Witch Hazel Extract is a wonderful ingredient for use in our cosmetic and medicinal preparations. It is gentle enough to be used alone, or it may be combined with other ingredients or herbs. Commercial Witch Hazel extracts usually contain more alcohol than actual Witch Hazel, and have only been distilled once. However, the line offered by Painted Earth leads in both quality and potency. Our true Witch Hazel extract has been double distilled, and contains 86% Witch Hazel extract and only 14% alcohol. This makes it more soothing than the version found in your local store, and lacks the alcohol sting and scent. Witch Hazel extract is produced from the leaves and bark of the North American shrub Witch-hazel, Hamamelis virginiana. It has been used medicinally throughout history. The Native Americans used poultices of Witch Hazel leaves and bark to treat hemorrhoids, wounds, painful tumors, insect bites, and skin ulcers. They also made Witch Hazel infusions for conditions including cuts, colds, heavy menstruation, tumors, and eye inflammation. In addition, Witch Hazel was used in folk medicine for backache, and internally for diarrhea, nervousness, nosebleed, vaginitis, and venereal disease. Witch Hazel extract has astringent, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, and anesthetic properties, making it indispensable for a variety of different medicinal and cosmetic uses. Medicinally, Witch Hazel extract is used for bedsores, bruises, eczema, insect bites, hemorrhoids, poison ivy or oak, bruises, sore muscles, swelling, psoriasis, cracked or blistered skin, diaper rash, windburn, and sunburn. In cosmetic products, Witch Hazel extract is used as an aftershave or a facial astringent, applied to blemishes and pimples, varicose veins, and is used to cleanse oil from the skin, remove make-up, decrease bags under eyes and skin puffiness, and to reduce pore size. It is beneficial for both oily and dry mature skin, and is commonly found in anti-aging products as well as in products for blemished or acne-prone skin. For conditions such as bedsores, bruises, hemorrhoids, poison ivy or oak, bruises, sore muscles, swelling, or diaper rash, Witch Hazel extract can be applied using a compress. For hemorrhoid relief, it is also added to sitz baths. For facial care products, Witch Hazel extract can be easily added to facial cleansers, astringents, masks, and toners. Witch Hazel extract can be incorporated into creams or lotions, and then applied to the skin. For sore muscles, Witch Hazel extract can either be used in a compress or cream, or may be added to bath water. Athletes rub Witch Hazel extract onto their arms or legs limbs prior to workouts to help prevent muscle strain, or after a workout to help relieve soreness.

Wood Betony (Betonica officinalis, Stachys officinalis)- Alterative, Anti-scorbutic, aperient, aromatic, astringent, carminative, hepatic, nervine, parasiticide, sedative, stomachic, bitter tonic. Wood Betony is an excellent remedy for head complaints such as face twitching and headaches, and was used in medieval England for �monstrous nocturnal visions, devils, despair and lunacy.� It is used to treat rheumatism when in combination with other herbs, opens obstructions in the liver and spleen, softly stimulates the heart, expels worms from the body, and is a general tonic for digestive disorders. Wood Betony is calming to the nerves, is very high in vitamin C, cleans impurities of the blood and is helpful in cases of heartburn, stomach cramps and indigestion.

Wormwood (Artemsia absinthium)- Anti-bilious, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, anti-venomous, aromatic, bitter, carminative, cholagogue, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, hemostatic, hepatic, narcotic, parasiticide, stimulant, stomachic, styptic, tonic, vermifuge. Wormwood has been used for centuries to rid the body of parasites. Historically it has also been used as a hair tonic, to control the swelling of wounds and menstrual flow, and as a medicine for colds and sore eyes. It counteracts fevers, treats anemia and arthritis, regulates the liver, is a useful antidote for various poison mushrooms, and when used as a liniment acts as a local anesthetic for local inflammation, lower back pain, sprains, bruises, neuralgia, and arthritic and rheumatic pains. Wormwood is a good herb to employ when suffering from digestive complaints such as constipation, promotes menstruation and uterine circulation, reduces hair loss, and induces sweating in cases of dry fevers.

Xanthan Gum- Despite its rather alien-sounding name, xanthan gum is as natural as any other fermented corn sugar polysaccharide you can name. Xanthan gum derives its name from the strain of bacteria used during the fermentation process, Xanthomonas campestris.

Xanthomonas campestris is the same bacteria responsible for causing black spots to form on broccoli, cauliflower, and other leafy vegetables. The bacteria form a slippery substance which acts as a natural stabilizer or thickener. The United States Department of Agriculture ran a number of experiments involving bacteria and various sugars to develop a new thickening agent similar to corn starch or guar gum. When Xanthomonas campestris was combined with corn sugar, the result was a colorless goo called xanthan gum. Xanthan gum is considered a polysaccharide in scientific circles, because it is a long chain of three different forms of sugar. What�s important to know is that all three of these natural sugars are present in corn sugar, a derivative of the more familiar corn syrup. The Xanthomonas campestris bacteria literally eat a supply of this corn sugar under controlled conditions, and the digestion process converts the individual sugars into a single substance with properties similar to cornstarch. Xanthan gum is used in dairy products and salad dressings as a thickening agent and stabilizer. Xanthan gum prevents ice crystals from forming in ice creams, and also provides a �fat feel� in low or no-fat dairy products. Another use for xanthan gum is the stabilization and binding of cosmetic products. One advantage of xanthan gum is that a little goes an incredibly long way. Cosmetic manufacturers add a very small amount of xanthan gum to their cream-based products in order to keep the individual ingredients from separating. Despite the use of bacteria during processing, xanthan gum itself is safe to human skin or digestive systems. Xanthan gum is often used whenever a gel-like quality is sought.

Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)- Alterative, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, antiseptic, anti-spasmodic, aromatic, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, digestant, diuretic, emmenagogue, hemostatic, stimulant, stomachic, styptic, tonic, vulnerary. Yarrow can be taken as a hot tea to increase body temperature, open up the pores, stimulate perspiration, equalize circulation and increase elimination. It purifies the blood of morbid waste, balances functions of the liver, stops bleeding relatively fast, and contains aromatic compounds that aid in shrinking inflamed tissue. Yarrow is a natural quinine substitute, is used in skin and hair conditioners, is effective against yeast infections, is a powerful virus inhibitor, is soothing and healing to the mucus membranes, is sometimes used in childhood conditions that involve skin eruptions, shrinks hemorrhoids, controls bleeding and was used by the English for general health issues while traveling.

Yellow Dock (Rumex crispus)- Alterative, anti-scorbutic, anti-scrofulous, anti-syphilitic, astringent, bitter, cathartic, cholagogue, depurative, hepatic, laxative, nutritive (leaves), tonic. Yellow Dock is a most excellent blood builder, tonic and cleanser, and has one of the highest iron contents in nature, making it an extremely good tonic treatment for anemia. It nourishes the spleen and is often used for skin diseases, liver and gallbladder disorders, iron deficiency, skin itch, ulcers, constipation and varicose veins. Yellow Dock helps to balance body chemistry due to its high mineral content, makes an excellent salve for itchy skin diseases and swelling, is applied to bleeding wounds and hemorrhoids, cleanses the lymphatic system, tones the pineal gland and builds the immune system.

Yerba Mansa (Anemopsis californica)- Yerba Mansa means �calming herb� in Spanish. It is native to the Pacific West of North America and is an anti-inflammatory herb with properties similar to those of Goldenseal in that both herbs affect the mucous membrane. Yerba Mansa can be used for both acute and chronic nasal and pharyngeal congestion, inflammation of the mouth and throat, diarrhea, stomach ulcers, gonorrhea, yeast infections of the vagina and catarrhal conditions of the urinary tract.

Yerba Santa (Eriodictyon spp.,)- Alterative, aromatic, astringent, bitter, carminative, expectorant, sialagogue, stimulant, stomachic. The Indians of South America used Yerba Santa for coughs, colds, sore throats, mucus, diarrhea, vomiting and stomachaches. Yerba Santa stimulates the lungs and respiratory tract to expel mucus, and is very useful for conditions such as bronchitis and chest colds. It can be used externally as a poultice for wounds, insect bites, sprains and bruises. It naturally relieves fatigue, protects against the effects of stress, is an old remedy for tuberculosis, cleanses the blood and tones the nervous system, controls appetite, relieves rheumatic pain, reduces swellings, heals sores and enhances the healing benefits of other herbs.

Yohimbe (Pausinystalia johimbe)- Aphrodisiac. Yohimbe is native to Africa, where it grows as a tree. It is an effective body builder and a strong aphrodisiac for both men and women. Yohimbe is a hormone stimulant, increases athletic ability when testosterone needs are increased, and lowers blood pressure. The bark of the tree has been smoked, rubbed on the body, snuffed and ingested for it aphrodisiac properties, and has been used in prescription formulas to improve sexual performance.

Yucca (Yucca baccata, Yucca glauca)- Alterative, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, astringent, bitter, blood purifier, laxative. The South Western American Indian Tribes used Yucca root for virtually everything, from soap to medicine. Yucca�s most common folk name is �soap rope�, and the early settlers learned from the Natives to make a shampoo or general purpose soap from it. Yucca extract makes excellent shampoos and soaps, and one can even cut up the fresh root and place it in water, making a natural lather on the spot. It helps with the digestion of food and prevents certain types of harmful bacteria from flourishing in the body. Due to its very beneficial effects on the healthy intestinal flora, it indirectly stimulates the body�s absorption of nutrition while simultaneously decreasing the amounts of toxins available. Health clinics in the Sonoran desert region of Arizona are using Yucca for arthritis with impressive results. Yucca is often used in formulas that are designed to break up obstructions in the joints, and has been used as a natural cortisone source due to its high saponin content.